Commercial Cycles and Global Indication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Commercial Cycles and Global Indication. Answer: Presentation: It happens when laborers lose their work because of the downturns that exist in the business cycle. The GDP is utilized to tell when business contracts. Given that the economy contracts for in any event two quarters, at that point it is supposed to be in a downturn. At the point when the economy returns to the period of extension in the business cycle the board, the individuals who are not utilized or were laid off will reappear the activity advertise. Recurrent work is transitory since it relies upon the constriction length. A downturn is regular in the event that it goes on for year and a half. A downturn on the opposite side can keep going for even ten years (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 71). Frictional joblessness It happens when laborers relinquish their work to scan for improved ones.in most events, this sort of joblessness occurs on a willful premise, however in different cases, it very well may be because of the end of a vocation with a given reason. The term rubbing is utilized to show the time, exertion and the use that is utilized by a laborer to secure some new position positions (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 81). As a rule, erosion isn't avoidable since specialist need to search for new chances, go to interviews and need to move even before setting up new position openings. Be that as it may, frictional joblessness is much of the time a transient type of joblessness. This sort of joblessness alludes to the confuse that exists between the occupations that are accessible contrasted with the skills.it isn't brought about by the powers of business cycle the board like the repeating joblessness yet by different powers. It occurs in the cases whereby the movements in the economy makes it hard for some given gatherings of individuals to secure positions. This sort of joblessness can keep the pace of joblessness high considerably after the downturn is gone (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 112). This alludes to a working agreement whereby a laborer is utilized for a given period in a year, and when the agreement lapses, at that point the specialist stays jobless. Models, where request, creation, and business are occasional, incorporate the travel industry and recreation and retailing (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 121). The interest bend is descending: The main explanation behind the descending inclining bend is with impact with the Pigous riches impact. From the essential information, we realize that the ostensible incentive for cash is fixed. Be that as it may, the genuine worth is predominantly relied upon the degree of costs. This in light of the fact that a lower cost level makes the buying capacity to increment in every money. At the point when the cost level goes down, at that point the shoppers will in general become wealthier and subsequently the customer spending increments. Thus a drop in the cost level causes the clients to spend all the more subsequently expanding the total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 140). The subsequent thinking is concerning Keynes paces of premium that the amount estimation of cash that is required is dependent upon the degree of costs. Elevated level of costs implies that it will take the customer a great deal of cash to buy the enormous amounts. This implies the purchasers could purchase more supplies if the costs were low. This makes the clients keep noteworthy measures of cash at the bank. The gigantic amounts in the bank make the bank to build the advances and in this manner to diminish the financing costs. A drop in cost hence causes a decrease in the loan fee and afterward causes an expansion in the speculation lastly raise the degree of total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 154). Increment in the paces of premium diminishes the customer spending and furthermore the venture lastly prompting the total fall sought after for the Australian dollar. At the point when the total interest goes down, at that point the gracefully additionally will in general go down. Lower total interest will cause: A negative financial development normally known as the downturn Higher paces of joblessness Decrease in the use on imports and expanded rivalry fair and square of fares. The graph beneath shows the impacts of loan costs on total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 167). Independence in the fiscal strategy Under class, states can execute the independent monetary approaches so they can address issues of expansion and furthermore yield. Since the financial approaches influence the paces of expansion, governments reserve the privilege to determine on their since a long time ago run pace of swelling which don't need to obtain expansion rates from different nations, a case that is seen under the fixed conversion scale (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 188). The requirement for the support of both the inside and outside parity in a metallic standard depends on a contention that the last causes fixed pace of conversion scale. Given that the costs of cash are fixed and that any districts creation and different factors in the economy are modified, the conversion scale can't along these lines change. The last prompts grinding in the financial framework in general (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 165). This is the essential shortcoming. The changes in the trade rates are progressively obvious contrasted with the suggestion set somewhere near the essentials (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 185). Expanded use for the instance of fiscal arrangement The hindrance of the capacity to utilize lead the supposed free monetary approaches the board is the ability of making higher paces of swelling. The expansionary or contractionary monetary systems can give a talk to the recessionary or the inflationary loads (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 190). The steadiness in costs demonstrates that there are insignificant changes in costs and they are normal. The consider that most cases influences the security of costs is the monetary approach. The short run changes in any nation can be reduced by the metallic gauges and are likewise called business cycle. The thinking behind the reduction in the essentialness in the items might be lying in the solidness of costs. The national banks are required to have coming up, enough measure of stores under the metallic standard for them to keep up their equality in gold and furthermore be in control of additional gold to intercede for the trade rates (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 145). Makers of the metal that is in the metallic guidelines impact the macroeconomic conditions in the nations that have the metallic norm (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 165). Work refered to Baxter, M. furthermore, Stockman, 2012. Business cycles and the conversion scale rgime: some worldwide Indication.Periodical of budgetary Economics,15(5), p 456-497. Layard, P, Layard, Nickell and Jackman, 2013. Joblessness: full scale financial establishment implied and the work advertise. Oxford University Press on Demand.

Alternative Theories Rate of Interest †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Alternative Theories Rate of Interest. Answer: Presentation The announcement the loan fee is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute have pulled in conversation throughout the years. Different financial analyst have given their suppositions on the issue of reserve funds, speculation and the pace of intrigue. Classicists communicated their sentiment on the announcement and reached resolution that the pace of premium is the fundamental prize which is given to individuals for acceptinginvestments, for example, security and protections rather than liquidity. Various suppositions have additionally been communicated by other financial specialist with respect to the equivalent. The substance of this paper fundamentally outlines different issues in regards to the announcement The financing cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute and finishes up on the equivalent dependent on different monetary hypotheses. The above articulation is genuine dependent on Keynes hypothesis which expresses that different components the executives, for example, restraint and timespan have no impact on the capacity of a person to leave behind liquidity just as installment of intrigue. As indicated by Keynes hypothesis, intrigue isn't remuneration for the forbearance an individual saver has experienced or the time he has taken without the liquidity. Be that as it may, as referenced above loan fee is the prize an individual gets as an award for contributing their investment funds for a given timeframe (Ahiakpor, 2015). Pace of premium along these lines goes about as a proportion of the level which makes an individual saver to leave behind the fluid money to make guarantees or acknowledge non-fluid cases rather than money. In view of this hypothesis, the loan fee is along these lines an equilibrating cost coordinating the longing to spare with the craving to put as a great many people in the present world will in general contribute or acknowledge non-fluid cases dependent on the pace of intrigue consequently the parity. The condition of harmony among reserve funds and venture comes because of pace of intrigue. This is all around clarified by traditional hypothesis, which expresses that economy is at balance just when the reserve funds rate is equivalent to the pace of venture figured it out. With such stable monetary thinking t reserve funds is equivalents to ventures at harmony and this comes because of pace of intrigue despite the fact that this hypothesis isn't unreasonably clear (Friedman, 2010). The hypothesis by classicalist clarify that, when the longing to spare lessening, the pace of premium will consequently increment to fuel reserve funds and a reduced want to contribute. Be that as it may, this programmed amendment of the disequilibrium among reserve funds and venture just happens in a full business circumstance. In view of the classicists belief system the equity between the reserve funds and speculations happens because of a programmed progression of equivalent measure of venture throu gh changes in the pace important to give full work level salary. This balance among reserve funds and ventures is unmistakably achieved by pace of intrigue when the economy is on movements and other variable are steady. At the point when factors are at the ordinary working relationship to one another, the pace of reserve funds is in this way equivalent the pace of speculation and are not generally equivalent as well as at harmony. At such point where reserve funds approaches the pace of venture, the impact of pace of intrigue is pivotal and can be seen (Ahiakpor, 2015). This is on the grounds that, when interest in such economy climbs to surpass investment funds, the parity of the two factors is then brought about by pace of premium. Financing cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute where by when speculations surpass reserve funds a state of awkwardness between them is made and the pace of premium ascents to address the irregularity through demoralizing venture consequently expanding investmen t funds (Westphal,2013). Also, when reserve funds are higher above ventures, the pace of premium descends empowering speculation the executives while diminishing investment funds (Wong, 2016). In light of this traditional assessment, changes in the pace of premium outcomes into remedy of disequilibrium among reserve funds and venture (Friedman, 2010). As per the above contention in this manner affirms the explanation that the financing cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute. This announcement can also be represented in a financial model known as the IS bend which delineates that, at each pace of premium, savers as a rule would need to contribute more prompting an expanded interest higher than the normal speculation level, this interest results into moving outwards of the IS bend prompting an expanded pay and investment funds. The loan fee consequently takes control to adjust disequilibrium among venture and reserve funds in since different factors, for example, cash gracefully and pay can't take care of the issue. As demonstrated above, when different factors stay consistent, for example, cash flexibly, loan fee ascends to reestablish the balance among reserve funds and speculation. This ascent in the pace of premium prompts a counterbalance in venture request while builds reserve funds as represented through the rightward move of the IS bend above (Hicks, 2007). The announcement is likewise evident when the degree of salary stays steady, an expansion in the interest for liquidity results into shifts in a LM model which additionally clarifies the connection between paces of premium, reserve funds just as speculation where financing cost is important for the equilibration of venture and investment funds as showed in the two charts underneath. The move in the above outline shows the ascent in the loan fee so as to reestablish the lopsidedness in the harmony between the craving to spare and the longing to contribute (Hicks, 2007). With the expansion in the pace of premium the craving to contribute falls prompting expanded investment funds as showed underneath. In opposition to the above conclusion as showed by different market analysts, the announcement loan cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute can't be advocated as a reality. This is on the grounds that the hypothesis bars different components which are vital and typically results into the harmony between the craving to spare and the longing to contribute separated from the pace of intrigue (Hicks, 2007). As per different financial specialist with different assessments, the adjustment in pace of premium can't be the main factor which results into a harmony between the craving to contribute and the longing to spare. Changes in the paces of premium alone as per different market analysts can't bring the harmony among reserve funds and venture as the longing to contribute and the craving to spare additionally rely upon other negligible factors, for example, capital just as different elements. A section from capital the harmony can among speculation and sparing comes as aftereffect of changes in pay of an individual saver instead of because of changes in the pace of intrigue. As per the Keynes hypothesis, it obvious that harmony between the longing to spare and want to contribute can be reached significantly lower than full business known as underemployment balance (Dooley, Frankel Mathieson, 2007). Keynes further clarified that insofar as the states of both speculation calendar and sparing timetable just as liquidity plan are centered further then harmony is made between reserve funds wants just as venture wants (Skidelsky, 2010). The assessment of Keynes similarly as the traditional hypothesis comparable to the announcement is very clear, it is valid as he asserts that venture won't easily stream so as to coordinate reserve funds with the adjustments in pace of intrigue. Howsoever, different figures, for example, adaptability compensation, costs just as cost must be cons idered to guarantee the balance. The announcement as per Keynes endures different misfortunes; when there is a miseries, venture request plan doesn't react to changes in the loan cost along these lines can't result into condition of balance between the longing to contribute and the craving to spare. Despite the fact that venture request timetable might be inelastic little changes happen in the pace of premium, in any case, such changes can't result into an important change on speculation (Skidelsky, 2010). In addition, reserve funds concerning the suppositions by Keynes are correspondingly inelastic to little changes in the pace of intrigue in this way despite the fact that there are impressive changes in the pace of enthusiasm there will be no huge change in the savers psyche to make more investment funds. Further, larger part of individuals want to have money the same number of dread to contribute dependent on benefit and misfortune hypothesis, so even with high paces of premium lion's share will in general hang on the fluid money coming about into a couple of putting along these lines no significant change in speculation. A circumstance known as prevalently called liquidity work (Wray, 2010). From these three supposition one can in this manner conclude a thought that, the pace of venture by different private business people is inferred with the hypothesis on benefits. This further show loan cost isn't the main factor which may result into a match between the craving to contribute and the longing to spare as secretly determined economy benefit intention is the main drive to venture. In the wake of expressing different difficulties to the explanation that loan cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the longing to spare with the craving to contribute, the hypothesis created by Keynes concurs that there is equity and match in the savers want to contribute and the longing however neglects to help that this uniformity is brought about by pace of intrigue (Garegnani, 2008). As per his hypothesis he brings into thought that the fairness which exists among reserve funds and speculation comes because of the degree of pay as such correspondence exists in all degrees of business not just in a full work (Wray, 2012). He at that point recommends that the condition of harmony between the longing to spare and the craving to contribute comes because of changes in the savers pay (C

Using Research Paper Examples To Teach Your Essay

Using Research Paper Examples To Teach Your EssayThe paper is a very important document, but only a research paper example will give you a head start on your essay. Why? The research paper example is a good learning aid that will help you find the areas where you are stuck and where you need to concentrate your writing. It can also be used to help you organize your paper if you use it as a tool.So what can research paper examples do for you? Well, they have a two fold effect on your essay. On the one hand, they make you write better and easier; on the other hand, they help you organize your paper and keep it more orderly. This is important because when writing essays it's sometimes hard to remember the order of the sections, but a research paper example can help you to keep it straight.As an example, think about a research paper example. When you look at a research paper example you'll see that it has a structure to it, but this structure is not rigid. What this means is that you can easily rearrange things or add new sections to your essay without the research paper example having to tell you how to do it.You can use research paper examples to help you organize your essay by grouping your sections into main groups, subgroups and chapter breaks. This way you can arrange them in any way you want without worrying about how your essay will read when you're done.In addition, you can use research paper examples to help you express yourself in writing, and as a tool to help you organize and revise. By putting ideas in an organized manner, you can easily recall them later when you've written your essay.The main reason that people use research paper examples is because they are helpful in learning how to write an essay. The second reason is that they can help you with your organization. They are used to help you organize your thoughts so that you don't have to do the work.If you have a clear plan of how you want your essay to flow and turn out then the research paper e xample can really help you. Many essay writing teachers use research paper examples as they make it easier for their students to organize their essays.To summarize, research paper examples can be used as a teaching aid and a tool to organize your essay. With both of these uses they make it easier for you to write and edit. Keep in mind that they do have a dual effect on your essay; a paper structure helps you organize your thoughts and in turn it allows you to use research paper examples as tools to express yourself and organize your thoughts.

Death of a Salesman and American Beauty - 1220 Words

Death of a Salesman is a play by Arthur Miller that follows the dying days of Willy Loman. Willy is a salesman who is not very at selling whatever he is selling so he takes the easy way out and goes to his neighbor, Charley, who has worked very hard for his money. Willy thinks that Charley and his son Bernard are nerdy and that they are not successful. Success to Willy is all about looks, which is why his son Biff grew up with the idea that as long as you are well liked than you will be successful. Willy faces the conscious battle between what he wants his sons to see and what he wants to keep personal. He wants to set the example of success to his sons by having a death of a salesman where tons of people attend his funeral and everyone†¦show more content†¦Willy is the same way with taking shortcuts for success. Willy would have â€Å"to go to Charley and borrow fifty dollars a week and pretend to [Linda] that it’s his pay† (Miller). Willy is just as lazy as L ester when it comes to the working ethic. Willy knows that he needs to make money for his family so he takes the easy way out to make it seem like he is successful. Both characters believe that â€Å"in order to be successful one must project an image of success at all times† (Mendes). Lester and Willy both think that the way one looks on the outside will bring them success. Lester tries to improve his body for Angela by working out. Willy tells Biff indirectly not to study because if he have â€Å"scholarships to three universities they’re gonna fluck him† (Miller). Willy shows that he thinks that looks get you success and not hard work. Lester and Willy only wanted to have happiness and success and what they got was death. The two men, Lester and Willy, are not the characters that should be matched up even though they both try very hard to get their dreams there is more similarities between Willy and Carolyn than Willy and Lester. Willy and Carolyn are both characters who make their money by selling items. Carolyn sells houses and Willy sells something. Carolyn thinks that her relationship with her family is perfect just like how she runs the house. She fails to see that what they truly need is someone to look upShow MoreRelatedIn Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great basic problem, which is the appearance as a way of life and expression to the outside. Following this, they will all problems relating to the relationships between the characters, and the lack of communication in the families. It could also be seen in both works th at the characters go through great efforts pretending to be happy with themselves. Willy Loman which may sound Low Man- man, writersRead MoreIntertwined Works Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and American Beauty by Sam Mendez846 Words   |  4 PagesWritten in 1949 the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller takes the reader to the post war era in America. Here, Miller tells the story of the Lomans. Willy Loman is a sixty-year old traveling salesman. He has worked for thirty-five years to get his salary cut and put on commission, but he chooses to keep his low wage job, even though his neighbor Charley offered him a salary job. Willy suffers from self-inflicted hallucinations about his eldest son Biff Loman and his elder brother Ben, whichRead MoreLife of Pi1276 Words   |  6 Pagesclose reference to Death of a Salesman and American Beauty. Ideas and qualities of acceptable standards that is considered worthwhile in society, pressures the relationship between an individual and his or her society due to the risk of social rejection. By accepting these social norms the individual is forced into the pursuit of the American Dream of that context whilst the rejection of the American Dream also leads to social rejection. Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman looks at the notionRead More A Comparison of the Dream in Death of a Salesman, Ellis Island, and America and I1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dream in Death of a Salesman, Ellis Island, and America and I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American dream is as varied as the people who populate America. The play The Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the poem Ellis Island by Joseph Bruchac, and the poem America and I by Anzia Yezierska illustrate different perspectives of the American dream. All three authors show some lines of thought on what the freedom inherent in the American dream means. The authors clarify distinct ideas on the meansRead MoreDeath of a Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller836 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Since the beginning of time, man has endeavored to become something more, to grow as a society. This has been accomplished through many extremes from war and conquest to science and exploration. The struggle endured during these events has indeed been great, but there is no greater struggle, nor one that reaps more reward, than that which the individual goes through to discover himself. Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"ThereRead MoreWilly Lowman’s Tragic Misinterpretation of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman1176 Words   |  5 PagesPresident of the United States, twice. This is just one more example that the American Dream is without a doubt achievable. Its pursuit is not easy; it requires undeniable hard work, modesty and optimism. Armed with these characteristics, seekers of this lifestyle will undeniably succeed. Success, though, is an interesting concept, for it can entail many superficial qualities. Willy Loman, the tragic hero of the play Death of a Salesman, sees only the superficial qualities of this dream. He views successRead MoreModernism Versus Postmodernism918 Words   |  4 PagesPostmodernism Post-modernism follows and shares many of the same ideas as modernism. Though, at the same time, they differ in many ways. These distinctions can be seen in the two works of literature, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller and â€Å"Glengarry Glen Ross† by David Mamet. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† represents the modernist literature. Modernism is a style of literature that came about after World War I in Europe. It emerged in the United States in the late 1920s. Modernism was the responseRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By F. Scott Fitzgerald1515 Words   |  7 Pageshuman being looking only at the past or present—instead of looking forward to the future. John Fitzgerald Kennedy once said, â€Å"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.† In the play Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller, the protagonist Willy Loman is depicted as a man who has failed in life; he spent most of his life reminiscing the past. This affected his life greatly, especially his relationship with his son, Biff Loman. Nevertheless, inRead MoreDeception of Family in Death of a Salesman and A Doll’s House1243 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Millers classic American play, Death of a Salesman and Henrik Ibsen’s classic play A Doll’s House, expose dysfunctional families and behaviors. In these plays, the themes of innocence, guilt and of truth and are considered through the eyes of deception. Both plays tell us that most of us choose to play roles and deceive, not only those immediately, but distantly around us. In Death of a Salesman the father passes deception to his boys the next generation. A Doll’s House ShowsRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1461 Words   |  6 PagesMice and Men is a novella portraying the failure of the American Dream. Steinbeck explores many different aspects of the life in the 1930 s throughout the novella e.g. racism. Of Mice and Men teaches the grim lesson about the nature of the human existence, showing the impossible and pragmatic truth of the American Dream. Miller also does this, as in Death of a Salesman , Miller, shows that there are different versions of the American Dream. Willy believes that one only can rise to the top

Online Consumer Behaviors And Social Networking - 1822 Words

ABSTRACT With businesses seeking to seize the momentum of social media and social networking, technology-enabled social commerce has emerged to combine the power of online social networking with shopping. This study examines an emerging area in E-commerce, i.e., social commerce. Extending the online consumer behavior typology, this study categorizes online consumer behaviors into three types: transactional, informational, and social. While traditional E-commerce supports the transactional and informational aspects of online shopping, social commerce fulfils the social aspects of shopping, and potentially enhances the informational aspect as well. This research examines the online shopper as a prospective user of an emerging social commerce platform, the social shopping website, which are sites designed specifically to support social interactions while online consumers shop. The study augments the Technology Acceptance Model with constructs that enhance the specificity of the model to the soci al shopping application of social commerce. The model was empirically tested and supported. The results provide empirical evidence to support the importance of distinguishing the social aspect of shopping from the information and transactional aspects, as well as the potential advantage to using technology to promote social interactions on E-commerce sites. Implications and future research are discussed. Keywords: E-commerce, internet, shopping, social networking Ecommerce and theShow MoreRelatedThe Mixed Benefits Of Social Media1511 Words   |  7 PagesMixed Benefits of Social Media When people want to look for love, they look at eharmony.com. If they want to see what others are doing, they take a look at Facebook. Individuals who want to live in a better neighborhood look for Realtor.com. 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However, if luxury brand performs a good show for online shopping adoption, especially in ChinaRead Moreâ€Å"Harnessing the Power of the Oh-So Social Web† Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The groundswell, which is the term now being used for online social technologies, such as blogs, social networking sites like MySpace, and user-generated sites like YouTube and numerous other online communities now common on the Web, is making a dramatic impact on the way many organizations are conducting their marketing strategies. These online social networking sites have enabled the power to shift from the companies to the customer, this shift in power is being termed customercentricRead MoreFacebook Adding Music Services Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pages without leaving the site. The main characters in this article include Facebook, Inc., a social network website that provides registered users with an open forum to create profiles, send messages, upload photos and videos, and stay in touch with family, friends, and classmates. Facebook is teaming up with online music sharing services such as Spotify AB and Rdio Inc. Facebook’s competition includes online companies such as Google Inc. and Amazon.com Inc. that are already using â€Å"cloud† music servicesRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Find A Muse 1071 Words   |  5 PagesBe-Mused Marketing Strategy   Be-Mused, a play on words implying both to â€Å"find a muse† as well as be â€Å"mystified† is an omni channel social networking system dedicated to connecting users on the basis of hobbies and interests. Be-Mused uses geo social data to connect users, in real time, for events, gatherings, or one-on-one meetings, all orchestrated by independent users. Additionally, users have the ability to passively seek out activities. From starting an impromptu drum circle on Venice Beach,Read MoreA World Transformed By Social Technologies1004 Words   |  5 PagesTransformed by Social Technologies is a how to guide for businesses that explains what social media is, how it is changing the way companies relate to consumers, and how it can be used to their advantage. The authors, Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff, both analysts for renowned Forrester Research, one of the most influential research and advisory firms in the world, spent a year researching, analyzing, and blogging about social technologies that are changing the way companies and consumers interact. Forrester’sRead MoreUsing Instagram : Motives For Its Use And Relationship1272 Words   |  6 Pages41. Sheldon, P., Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 89-97. Globally speaking, Instagram is currently the fastest growing social network site. However, the researchers observe little academic research studying who and why people use it. The researchers are interested in the motivations of using Instagram and its relationship towards contextual age and narcissism. The study uses a survey distributedRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Society1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Social Networking Intro Over half of the world uses the internet. 2.2 billion people actively use any kind of social networking. There were 176 million new users of social media just last year (Regan 1). With the influence of so many people a pressing question: Is the impact of social media harmful or beneficial in its effects? Social networking is one of the biggest reports of online traffic. So, if so many people are using these networking sites, what are the effects on us? The â€Å"first†Read MoreUsing Online Sources For Search Information1717 Words   |  7 Pagesa world of technology, consumers are now shifting their focus from the traditional way of living to the advanced way of living. Consumers are now using technology to where ever they want. They are using online sources for searching information. The advancement of new technologies allows them to use more new-way to search information and through the technological communication, channels allow them to provide their information as well. With the help of technology, consumers have become able to thinkRead MorePrivacy Issues on Facebook1149 Words   |  5 Pagesof the internet and social media, many companies have sought to make their presence felt online. Companies can now interact with their clients from anywhere in the world in real time. However, questions continue to be raised over how safe the personal information users volunteer to companies with an online presence is. How sure ca n users be that their identity wont be stolen? One of the issues that have been subject to debate over time has got to do with user privacy on social network platforms like

The Drawbacks of an Early School Day - 865 Words

On a normal school day, students in the states drag themselves out of bed and start getting ready for school. Most students almost miss the bus or miss the bus because they are still sleepy and not moving as fast as they should be. Should school start later in the morning and head into the late afternoon? The lack of sleep affects a student’s academic studies because it can lead to weight gain or even obesity, it makes them want to doze off in class, it reduces the student’s ability to think , and it also can create a depressed or anxious state of mind. Getting the amount of sleep needed each night is the way to keep a healthy weight. Unfortunately, research is increasingly showing that more and more students are not getting enough sleep, which can have a negative downfall on their grades (AASM News). In 1995, 35 percent of American grown ups got 8 hours of sleep a night and by 2005, it decreased by 26 percent (Sleep.(n.d.)). A British study that followed more than 8,00 0 kids from their day of birth, discovered that those who got sleep under 10 and a half hours within the night at age 3, had a 45 percent higher risk of gaining weight and becoming obese (Sleep.(n.d.)). Having sleep troubles from ages 3 can lead into adulthood. It can have a long-term effect on weight. People who tend to sleep less than normal may have an obesity- related condition that may have be guided to these sleep habits: sleep apnea, obstructive lung disease, depression and sometimes cancer. NotShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Technology In Education836 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots† -Albert Einstein. Today’s day and age has produced, and still produces, some of the most intelligent people who have created and thought of the machines and theories that have forever changed life itself. 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Gerrymandering Election and Politicians free essay sample

Gerrymandering The term gerrymandering refers to the practice of altering voting districts in order to achieve electoral results favorable to one person or party, usually the incumbent politician or party creating the new voting regions. 1 This term, dating back to 1812, is an established method for incumbent politicians to improve their heresthetical â€Å"defense,† by manipulating the dimensions of the political landscape. 2 This tactic is extremely common in the United States and a prime example of politicians acting as manipulators. This essay will argue that politicians are manipulators, as evidenced by the gerrymandering of voting districts to improve odds of maintaining power, and opposition attempts to counteract this electoral maneuvering. The term â€Å"Gerrymander† originated in Boston in 1812 while Elbridge Gerry was governor of Massachusetts. 3 In the previous year, Governor Gerry ratified a redistricting plan that greatly improved the odds of his Democratic-Republican Party in the state senate elections. Cartoonists in the Boston Gazette likened the shape of one of the contorted districts to a salamander, and writers in the Massachusetts Spy continued the metaphor by adding Gerry’s name, and accusing the governor of helping elect â€Å"Gerrymanders. We will write a custom essay sample on Gerrymandering: Election and Politicians or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †5 This term took hold, and was widely used by Federalists throughout the state to disparage the governor’s alteration of voting districts for political gain. Although the term â€Å"Gerrymandering† originated in New England in the early nineteenth century, the practice of manipulating electoral regions can be seen as early as 1788. Patrick Henry, of the Anti-Federalist party, strategically created the borders of the Fifth Congressional District to ensure that the noted Federalist James Madison would be unable to gain a congressional seat. 7 This original gerrymander, although unsuccessful in its attempt to prevent James Madison from becoming elected, set the stage for the method political incumbents would go on to employ for the next three centuries to hamper their opponents. 8 Gerrymandering tactics can be divided into two different methods of improving electoral results. Referred to as â€Å"packing† and â€Å"cracking,† these opposite approaches are used to either add more favorable voters to a district, or divide the votes of a particularly unfavorable neighborhood. 9 â€Å"Packing† is the process of maneuvering electoral borders to include enough neighborhoods and boroughs favorable to a politician that he may improve his chances of reelection. 10 â€Å"Cracking† prevents regions of voters adverse to a politician from preventing his reelection, by either placing these regions in another district, or splitting the votes between otherwise favorable districts. If these votes for the opposition, for example the Republican Party, are split into different largely Democratic districts, they may be counterbalanced by the overwhelmingly Democratic votes. Rather than have one district elect a Republican, these votes are negated by the Democratic votes in both districts, and two Democrats are elected. The combination of these two gerrymandering options allows incumbent politicians to significantly improve their reelection bids. In a New York Times article chronicling gerrymandering in New York State, the author decries: This process [Gerrymandering] has worked so well for so many politicians that the New York Public Interest Research Group reports that in 2008 more than half of the state’s 212 legislators were re-elected with more than 80 percent of their districts’ votes. In 57 districts, the incumbents ran unopposed. 12 The writer makes the point that post-2002 census redistricting resulted in extremely low rate of political turnover. More convincing than the fact that the majority of incumbents retained their seats by overwhelming margins is the shocking statistic that a quarter of the incumbents were uncontested. 13 These politicians were so successful at arranging favorable districts that it was futile to even attempt a challenge. The author continued to examine particularly egregious cases of gerrymandering in New York, including that of Senator Guy Vellela, who once selected voters for his district by individual city blocks. Senator Guy Vellela, as well as the other state senators of New York, are prime examples of politicians exploiting gerrymandering to manipulate the outcome of elections and improve their outcomes. Riker argues that these bold uses of gerrymandering are made possible, and even encouraged, by two landmark Supreme Court Cases. Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims were two similar cases from the 1960’s that addressed the unequal representation caused by the unwillingness of politicians to adjust the electoral districts to accurately reflect the major population changes of the twentieth century. Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims forced Congress and state legislative bodies to correct this inaccurate political representation by mandating equally sized voting districts. 16 In fact, Reynolds v. Sims went so far as to require a voting population difference of no more than ten percent between the largest and smallest electoral districts. 17 Furthermore, a judicial requirement that African-American voters be districted in manner that allowed for the election of African-American representatives was an open encouragement by the courts to gerrymander. Politicians manipulate these well-intentioned rulings, which sought to improve political representation, to aid their goal of holding on to their elected positions and maintaining a grip on power. A perfunctory examination of the practice of gerrymandering reveals that politicians are devious manipulators, who exploit Supreme Court rulings and the resulting equal representation rulings to ensure reelection. However, upon closer inspection, it could be argued that gerrymandering, with its negative association among voters who associate it with electoral cheating, is not a manipulative tactic because it can result in a voter backlash against the gerrymandering politician. 19 Riker states that gerrymandering can shift the heresthetical advantage to the â€Å"Outs,† who may capitalize on this voter resentment to steal the seat from the incumbent. 20 As a potentially damaging tactic, and one that can be explained by court ordered redistricting, one may attempt to paint gerrymandering as a tactic that is not solely manipulative. However, this does not explain the strange outlines, reminiscent of teapots and other nonconventional shapes, that are commonly created, which just happen to improve the political odds of the incumbent. 21 If gerrymandering were not a calculated manipulation of the political districts to favor the incumbent, the shape of districts and voting blocs would be more logical and commonsense, and would not result in especially favorable or unfavorable voting regions. In conclusion, politicians are manipulators, as evidenced by the practice of gerrymandering. This redistribution of voters to different districts, so that the election tallies will most benefit the incumbent, is a means by which both incumbents and their unelected opposition attempt to manipulate the system. Incumbents alter the dimensions of their constituency to improve their results of their reelection campaign. The opposition must play heresthetical offense and aggressively protest against â€Å"unfair† electoral processes, and turn the voters against the â€Å"cheating† incumbent. This practice, used to varying degrees of success for over two hundred years, is a perfect example of the manipulations politicians undertake to either maintain office or achieve it. The best summation of the manipulative nature of gerrymandering is the saying, â€Å"In gerrymandered election districts, the voters don’t choose their politicians-the politicians choose their voters! †22 Works Cited Amy, Douglas J,. Real Choices/New Voices: How Proportional Representation Could Revitalize American Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Online. â€Å"Gerrymandering, Pure and Simple. † Editorial. The New York Times. 11 November 2009. Riker, William H. The Art of Political Manipulation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. Print. Robins, Michael D. Gerrymander and the Need for Redistricting Reform. Version 7. FraudFactor. com, 5 December 2000. Online. 4 December 2011. Stroupe Jr. , Kenneth S. â€Å"Gerrymandering’s Long History in Virgina: Will This Decade Mark the End? † The Virginia News Letter. Volume 85 No. 1 (2009): 1-10. Online.

Money Study Guide Essays - Money, Finance, Financial Services

Money Study Guide 1. ______________ is anything of value that serves as generally accepted medium of financial exchange or legal tender for repayment of debt. 2. When you think of money, you think of ______________. 3. ____________________ is tokes used as money which includes metal coins and paper bank notes. 4. _________________ deposits are funds deposited in checking accounts where checks can be written against the account balance. 5. ____________________ checks are issued by a financial institution which functions as cash but is protected against loss or theft. 6. A _____________________ account is a deposit account at a bank or savings and loan which pays interest. 7. ___________ deposits are savings accounts or CD held in a financial institution for a fixed term (6 month CD). 8. A _______________ _______________ mutual fund is a type of mutual fund that invests in high-yielding, short-term money instruments. 9. A __________ card is a card which allows customers to access their funds immediately, electronically. 10. Direct Deposit of a pay check and Electronic Funds Transfer (Western Union) are examples of _______________ money. 11. __________________________ was a type of paper money that was issued from 1862 to 1971 in the U.S. 12. _______________ is a series of coins struck at a mint as part of currency. 13. Name the three functions of money: a. _________________________________ b. _________________________________ c. _________________________________ 14. Name the four methods of obtaining capital: a. ____________________________________ b. ____________________________________ c. ____________________________________ d. ____________________________________ 15. ___________________ is the value of an ownership interest in property 16. ____________________ any form of wealth capable of being employed in the production of more wealth 17. ________________________ refers to the portion of net income which is retained by the corporation rather than distributed to its owners as dividends. 18. ______________________ is the capital that a business raises by taking out a loan. 19. The ____________ value of money is the value of money figuring in a given amount of interest earned over a given amount of time. 20. Using the time value of money terminology, $100 invested for one year at 5% interest has a future value of ____________.

Tobias George Smollett Essays - Picaresque Novels, Free Essays

Tobias George Smollett Essays - Picaresque Novels, Free Essays Tobias George Smollett Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771), Scottish novelist, was born in Dalquhurn, Dumbarton County Scotland. Smollett was born beneath a plane tree at Dalquharn House on the family estate of Bon hill in the Vale of Leven, near the village of Renton, Dumbartonshire. At fourteen Smollett was apprenticed to a Glasgow doctor. He studied medicine at Glasgow University and moved to London in 1740. He was a ship's surgeon in the Carragena expedition against the Spanish in the West Indies, and lived in Jamaica until 1744 when he returned to London and renewed his earlier attempts to stage a play he had written The Regicide, but still met with no success. He also failed to set up his own medical practice. His first novel, the partly autobiographical Roderick Random (1748), was an immediate success. His best novel, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), has become a classic. It is a story, told in a series of letters, about the travels of a family through England and Scotland. Smollett was troubled by lack of money. He spent his last years in poor health, and died in Livorno, Italy, on October 21, 1771. Two years later, Johnson and Boswell stayed at Cameron House with Smollett's cousin James, who was preparing to erect a Tuscan column in Smollett's memory at Renton. Johnson helped compose the Latin obituary on the plinth, and the column stood in what subsequently became the playground of a school. Some of Tobias Smollett's work consists of The Tears of Scotland (1746). Poem on the defeat of the Scots at the Battle of Culloden. The Adventures of Roderick Random ( 1748 ). Gil Blas. Translation of LeSage's novel. ( 1749 ). The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle ( 1751 ). The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom ( 1753 ). Don Quixote. Translation of Cervantes' novel. ( 1755). The Adventures of Sir Lancelot Greaves ( 1760 ). Travels through France and Italy ( 1766 ). The History and Adventures of an Atom ( 1769 ). The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker ( 1771 ). Some critics regard Tobias Smollet as more satirist meaning that a work of literature or art that, by inspiring laughter, contempt, or horror, seeks to correct the follies and abuses it uncovers. I don't know what that means though. This is a paragraph from Tobias Smollett's book The Adventures of Roderick Random. Roderick Random is the orphaned, unwanted grandson of a severe old Scots magistrate, exposed by his grandfathers known neglect to the malice of the community. His principal enemies are the schoolmaster and the young heir. It is not long before a deus ex machina appears in the form of a sailor uncle: He was a strongly built man, somewhat bandy-legged, with a neck like that of a bull, and a face which had withstood the most obstinate assaults of the weather. His dress consisted of a soldiers coat, altered for him by the ships tailor, a striped flannel jacket, a pair of red breeches japanned with pitch, clean grey worsted stockings, large silver buckles that covered theree-fourths of his shoues, a silver laced hat whosecrown overlooked the brim about an inch and a half, a black bob wig in buckle, a check shirt, a silk hankerchief, a henger with a brass handle girded on his thigh by a tarnished laced belt, and a good oak plant under his arm. I picked this paragraph because here Smollett is describing the hero of the story Roderick Random. I believe it is important to have a brief if not full description of characters, so that you can imagine seeing them maybe even being there, in your mind, while they are doing what is described in the book.

Are maritime transportation loosing out its competitive advantage over Essay

Are maritime transportation loosing out its competitive advantage over other modes of transportation like air and road transportation Justify your views - Essay Example The existence of maritime routes or in other words the fact that regular itineraries are existent is said to be the concept of maritime transportation.1 There have been quite a few technological transformation which have had the potential of affecting water transports, the most recent one is that of the modification of water canals, increasing the size as well as the automation and specialization of vessels. However it has been noted that the increase in maritime traffic has had the consequences of major ecological disasters.2 It needs to be pointed that the bulk of circulation that takes place through maritime transportation is limited along coast line and further three continents have limited fluvial trade. The majority of maritime infrastructure requires a huge maintenance cost for the modification of waterways or investments on the expansion of capacities of ports, which is very expensive and on the other hand takes a lot of space.3 It needs to be pointed out at this point that not every country has direct access to the ocean, these countries are better known as the maritime enclave that is they have difficulties in undertaking maritime trade since they are not part of what is called the domain of maritime circulation. So it requires agreements between neighboring countries to have access to the facilities of port via road, rail line or any other possible alternative. It is important to keep in mind that the countries which are enclave are not excluded from international trade or in other words it can not be implied that they can not take part in international trade, but the problem that they face are that they face higher costs which might lead to weakening of economic development.4 It has been proved that due to the establishment of commercial linkage between continents, maritime transport has been able to sustain a substantial amount of traffic which covers approximately 90% of intercontinental transport demand of

Human Resources Planning in Mergers and Acquisitions Term Paper

Human Resources Planning in Mergers and Acquisitions - Term Paper Example This project deals with the role of the human resources in cases of merger and acquisitions. Introduction Mergers and Acquisitions lead the way for enormous growth but it is not possible without having a competent Human Resources team which plays a critical role in making or breaking the M&A. Many businesses do not consider the human resources aspect as important to the M&A strategy but research shows that the biggest problems incurred when making a M&A transition are increased attrition, poor communication, key employees giving up their job, adjustment problems to new method implemented and cultural incompatibility. Though Mergers and acquisitions aim at the growth of the organizations but in reality, these are extremely difficult corporate practices in the sense that the expected synergy is often not achieved and follows a complex and exhaustive process of strategy implementation. The reasons behind a merger may vary for different cases, so the Human Resource involved should make a good assessment of the M&A process about the objectives behind the merger. Discussion A business needs to consider the following critical factors for a successful transition after the Merger & acquisition takes place: Pre-acquisition Due Diligence Audit: The due diligence portion of an M&A comes after the purchasing company makes the formal offer of purchasing to the other company. The management from the purchasing company undertakes an assessment to evaluate the financial as well as the strategic aspects of the deal. The potential suitor company evaluates the benefit structure of the other business so that the Human resources from the purchasing company specifically assess the benefits structure of the other company to find out if there are any existing or potential issues running in the latter which may cause a loss of a significant amount for the company as an offering. These problems may be any health insurance package or any pension plan which are not properly funded, the cos t of employees’ compensation being not under control or pending employment lawsuits all of which may cause loss for the company after the merger. Every aspect of human resource should be considered to find out if the target company is compliant in their working with recruitment and manpower planning, compensation program, training and development program, Human resource information systems, Government compliance, employee relations and safety and environment issues. The due diligence should be carried out in areas of potential exposure so that action plans can be recommended when the deal is closed (Cartwright and Cooper, 212). Employee concerns: Human resource plays a vital role in the process of altering both the companies so that they can work together. This process may take a long time to be completed and adapted by all the employees of the company. When a Merger or an Acquisition takes place, the structure and working of both the organizations undergo some changes like a ltering departments, combining teams or eliminating unnecessary positions. In this process of change, the Human resource plays an important role in helping the employees adapt these changes. Human Resources communicate these changes to the employees and also clarify any queries or issues arising out of these changes (Gaughan, 9-10).They provide an avid description of the new roles and responsibilities the employee in the altered organization structure. Additionally, the HR team designs a unified process to deal with the arising human resource

Plain Packaging on Cigarettes Essay Example for Free

Plain Packaging on Cigarettes Essay Tobacco laws have started as early as the 1970s (ACOSH, 2010). Government has implanted laws, such that of the Tobacco Act (1987), which goals are to discourage the smoking of tobacco, encouraging non-smokers; in particular young people to not start smoking, to limit the exposure of children and young people to the persuasion of smoking, to encourage and assists smokers to give up smoking, and finally the promotion of good well being and illness prevention. The tobacco act of 1897, had over the years since, been reformed, and it seems like there is no stopping now. To further reinforce its initial goal, recently the Australian government reformed this Tobacco Act. The Australian government had announced, the 25% increase in tobacco tax, plain packaging on tobacco products to be implemented in the near future of 2012, ban on tobacco advertisement on the internet, as well as major increase in funding for tobacco media campaigns (ACOSH, 2010). The implementation of plain packaging on tobacco products of the announcement fueled a major debate with very opposing views. Those against tobacco plain packaging bring up issues of illicit trading, trademark rights, and lack of evidence; that plain packaging would in fact reduce cigarette consumptions (PMI, 2010). On the contrary, anti-smoking groups and health advocates, such as World Health Organizations (WHO), Cancer Council Australia (CCA, 2010) fully supports the new reformation to the Tobacco Act. They argue that plain packing would make cigarettes less appealing, and eliminates any last straw of advertisements, which the tobacco companies have put in placed, to begin with, to promote consumption of their tobacco products. Firstly, Tobacco Companies argue that plain packaging implementation is an unintelligent move on the government. Tobacco companies propose that plain packaging would promote illicit trading. Philip Morris international (PMI), one of the leading international tobacco companies views are that they are opposing the legislation mandating plain packaging. PMI state that they support effective regulation of tobacco based on harm reduction (PMIMSA, 2010). However they feel that plain packaging is too extreme, and that the government has gone too far. PMI states that Plain packaging would be easier to be counterfeited, as the plain packaging are simple and are not designed uniquely. This illicit trading would cause a major loss in the government revenue, stating that the government would lose an estimated of $40. 5 billions of dollars annually (PMIMSA, 2010). With illicit trading the Tobacco Company also believed that it will spark a new problem; that the counterfeited tobacco products would be more harmful to smokers. Tobacco Company believes that with the counterfeit tobacco products, consumers are not guaranteed that their products are safe, because of poor quality, since it has been found that counterfeited products of tobacco contains â€Å"rat droppings, fiber glass†¦ and high levels of toxic chemicals. † (PMIMSA, 2010). Another large tobacco company, British American Tobacco Australia, along with the PMI, have tried to make aware that plain packaging would also cause harm to retailers of local business, stating that it would cause retailers great confusion and inconvenience (ARR, 2010). It would inconvenience retailers, because all packets would look the same, and thus taking them longer to make transactions with customers. Retailer is also made to believe that with more time spent on one transaction it would result security issues, as they would not be able to pay more attention to their shop (PMIMSA, 2010). As well as illicit trading and inconveniencing issues, Tobacco Companies do not approve the plain packaging because it violates trademark rights. With the removal of current packaging and the implementation of plain packaging, it breaches intellectual property rights (Casben, 2010). According to Canadian Health Minister David Dingwall, plain packaging would â€Å"violate trademarks and constitutional rights† (PMIMSA, 2010) Finally, tobacco companies say that there is no evidence which proves that plain packaging would in fact reduce smoking. Arguing that young adolescence first encounter with cigarettes, are in most case, a single cigarette already taken out of the pack and handed to them from their peers. Nonetheless, Government with the support of anti-smoking and health advocate believes that with the plain packaging implements taking place, it will reduce smoking and consequently allow smokers to have the opportunity to break the habit. Plain packaging of tobacco is like removing the force which drives young adolescence to take up smoking, as well as to remove any temptations and promotion to ex-smokers as well as active smokers (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008) Advertisements main objectives are to promote the selling of their products to consumers. They are meant to appeal to many people by their use of puns, catchy phrases, and the messages that sends out â€Å"glamour†, causing it to be an object desire. The ban of advertisement on tobacco products in the media, billboards, and eventually the Point of Sale Advertising regulations under the Tobacco Control Act (1990), which prohibits tobacco advertising outside of shops or in view of public places, leaves the tobacco companies, the need to use smarter ways to sell their products. The package of cigarettes currently, does exactly this, it promotes smoking and â€Å"it’s the only mechanism remaining to make the link explicit between the package and the imagery created†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (CCS, 1993). Plain packaging, as explained by Fiona Sharkie (2010), the executive director of Quit, in the article, Big tobaccos coughing fit a big tick for plain packaging, would mean that â€Å"Cigarette packets will no longer feature a colorful, flashy mini-billboard, communicating images of desirability and glamour The brand name will be featured in a mandated size and font, alongside an enlarged graphic health warning,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  on either a white or brown colored background. Studies have shown (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008), which provides evidence that plain packs would be perceived as dull and boring as well as cheap looking hence reducing the flair and appeal associated with smoking. The idea surrounding plain packaging, however seems to be unsuccessful to active smokers, a person stating in the article, Tobacco companies rally against plain packaging (2010), that I dont go into the shop and go, hmm, which one is going to look prettiest this week. I have a particular brand that I smoke and have smoked for quite a long time and will continue to smoke those. This reformation however, are not to target active smokers primarily, it is design to stop young children to be tempted to try because of the constant bombarding the desirable, colorful packages of cigarettes (Casben, 2010). Children even though are not seeing the advertisement in the media per se, encounters cigarettes packages everyday and everywhere. We have failed to remove the last promotion of cigarettes, which are unconsciously being fed to them constantly through packages. Further by removing the packaging, not only we would eradicate all forms of advertisements, it would also remove the visibility on the shelf to the population. The plain packaging would reinforce to ex-smokers that, the government are supporting their actions. Ex-smokers would no longer be reminded of their bad habits and will never be tempted to take on smoking once again. The plain packaging which would contain, large warning sign, would be seen in the eyes of young children, as harmful substances. This would decline their desire to try. These labels would only projects cigarettes as one thing; POISON. The tobacco company remains certain that plain packaging would not be efficient. They are fighting very hard in order to stop this Act from taking place. The negative attitude towards this reformations, speaks loudly and clearly, that they are afraid that the new reforms might in fact be effective. Government should, in my opinion, ensure that plain packaging, which is due to be implemented on 2012, be carried out. Tobacco has already shaped the society this far, and would continue to shape our society for the many years to come. It would remain as ongoing issue. Clearly the prohibition of this product would not be a smart option, and certainly not a solution to our problem. Thus, governments should continue to make changes to the Tobacco Act. Even though these laws may not be a 100% in its efficiency would provide a long term goal in reducing smoking amongst active smokers and keeping the younger generation from taking up smoking. Since there are some degree of correlation between plain packaging and reduction of cigarette consumption (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008), plain packaging should be given an opportunity. It is at the very least; better to have tried, than turning a blind eye and saying that wont work therefore should not try. Reference http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-04-29/tobacco-companies-rally-against-plain-packaging/414540

Free College Essays - Imagery, Metaphors, and Diction in Dulce et Decorum Est :: Dulce et Decorum Est Essays

Imagery, Metaphors, and Diction in Dulce et Decorum Est All exceptional poetry displays a good use of figurative language, imagery, and diction. Wilfred Owen's "Dulce et Decorum Est" is a powerful antiwar poem which takes place on a battlefield during World War I. Through dramatic use of imagery, metaphors, and diction, he clearly states his theme that war is terrible and horrific. The use of compelling figurative language helps to reveal the reality of war. In the first line, "Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,"(1) shows us that the troops are so tired that they can be compared to old beggars. Another great use of simile, "His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin,"(20) suggests that his face is probably covered with blood which is the colour symbolizing the devil. A very powerful metaphor is the comparison of painful experiences of the troops to "[v]ile, incurable sores on innocent tongues."(24) This metaphor emphasizes that the troops will never forget these horrific experiences. As you can see, Owen has used figurative language so effectively that the reader gets drawn into the poem. The images drawn in this poem are so graphic that it could make readers feel sick. For example, in these lines: "If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood/ Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs/ Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud,"(21-23) shows us that so many men were brutally killed during this war. Also, when the gas bomb was dropped, "[s]omeone still yelling out and stumbling/ [a]nd flound'ring like a man in fire or lime.../ [h]e plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning."(11-12,16) These compelling lines indicate that men drowned helplessly in the toxic gasses. These graphic images are very disturbing but play a very effective role in the development of the poem. Another tool in developing the effectiveness of the poem is the excellent use of diction. The word "blood-shod" explains how the troops have been on their feet for days without rest. Also, words like "guttering", "choking", and "drowning" shows us that the troops are suffering in extreme pain and misery. If you haven't noticed, most of these words are examples of cacophony, which are words with harsh and discordant sounds. As this poem is about how harsh and terrible war is, Owen's use of cacophony is very effective in generating the tone of the poem. Is it really that sweet to die for one's country?

Difference between poems Essay

Both poems are a response to other people’s idea of the poet’s cultural identities. The poems are written as though the poet is replying to some one directly. ‘Half-Cast’ is about a multi cultural person who is standing up against racism and against people look down upon them because of their ethnicity. John Agard is arguing with the person who is being racist to him by questioning if ‘Half-Cast’ means he is half a man. ‘Still I rise’ is about a woman, Maya Angelou who has had a traumatic personal and cultural history but still she rises above it. She has had to face racial and sexual prejudice, but she still stands strong. In ‘Half-Cast’ John Agard opens the poem with a polite but angry request. This opening is only an angry one because of the following lines. ‘Excuse me; standing on one leg, I am half-cast’ This sarcasm is showing that he is trying to be nice but is annoyed about it. The first line is very polite but immediately after the poet is acquiring the ‘reader’ of suggesting he is half a man by using the words ‘half-caste’. He uses informal language throughout the poem, the language is also written in john Agard’s dialect. It makes you say the words how it sounds. This could be the poet celebrating his culture. ‘Explain yuself, Wha yu mean’ This also makes you as the reader feel the anger, annoyance and sadness through the Agards tone. The structure of the poem is simple but effective by using a three line opening two quite large stanzas then closes with three lines. One poetic technique he uses in each stanza is repetition of his points. ‘Explain yuself, Wha yu mean’ This is repeated also so that Agard could give his reasons for being insulted and emphasises his argument. In each stanza he uses comparisons; ‘When yu say half-caste, Yu mean Tchaikovsky, Sit down at dah piano, an mix a black key Wid a white key, Is a half-caste symphony’. This is questioning it Tchaikovsky’s music should be seen as inferior because he mixed black and white notes. The poem is well structured and the language is perfectly composed. I have keep using this quote as it very strong and uses a lot of poetic techniques. ‘Explain yu self, Wha yu mean’. The comparisons are very good because you can understand and relate to his point as he compares his situation using metaphors. ‘Still I rise’, it is set out in 8 stanzas, and in which 7 out of 8 are all the same lengths except the eighth as it is the last stanza and is the climax of the poem. The language she uses is mostly formal but it very up beat. ‘You may kill me’, but she is not bothered. In some stanzas it seems as she is mocking the person/people who are putting her down; like they are pathetic. ‘Does my sexiness upset you’ the word ‘sexiness’ in this context does not only imply that she is beautiful and believes that she is, but that she feels proud of her culture, which makes her confident. Maya uses many techniques in her writing such as through out the poem she uses rhetorical questions. ‘Did you want to see me broken? ‘ These questions force the reader to think and imagine about there own views on racism and what it would be like to be in her shoes. She also uses personification; ‘You may kill me with your hatefulness’. This is effective because ‘kill me’ is a very strong phrase and keeps creating the image of her arriving back at her town after the sager. Throughout the poem she has used a rhyming pattern of every first and last lines this is successful as it builds a flowing structure to the poem. The poet uses repetition to emphasise her point ‘Out of the hut of history’s shame I rise Up from a†¦. I rise’. This shows that once again she has risen above it. ‘History’s shame’ this is a direct reference to the struggles faced by her ancestors in her cultural history. I think that Maya’s technique clearly puts her point across and the last stanza finishes the poem with a strong phrase of ‘I rise, I rise, I rise, I rise’ presenting that life is hard but what ever it throws at you, you shall rise above it. In each of the poems Maya Angelou and John Agard use repetition which emphasises their subliminal messages in the poem. John Agard gets quite defensive and angry, whereas Maya Angelou although angry and annoyed she stays calms and ‘rises’ above it. I think the message of the two poems is that even when we are faced with prejudice and discrimination we can be the better people by not complying with it. I also believe the most effective techniques used to present their opinions of their cultures and peoples perception of them were repetition, similes and rhetorical questions; this created the tense moments that draw the reader in to go on and finish the poem.

Computing Abstraction Information - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3538 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Discuss computing as a discipline and the role of abstraction in advances made in computing Computing has been defined in various ways, including the body of knowledge that surrounds computers and computation used by the Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (Denning et al 1989), and any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers (Shackelford et al 2006). According to the Joint Task Force for Computing Curriculas definition therefore, computing encompasses design and implementation of hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific studies using computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; creating and using communications and entertainment media; finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Computing Abstraction Information" essay for you Create order By its nature, computing draws knowledge and skills from the fields of engineering, mathematics and science, from which the discipline itself is rooted. Abstraction is a mental model which removes complex details, and leaves only the information necessary to accomplish the goal (Dale Lewis, 2006). The concept is widely used in Electrical Engineering circuit analysis as Thevenin and Nortons theorems for representing complex circuits as equivalent simple circuits. Abstraction has also been key in the development of computing as it allowed innovations within individual layers of computing systems to be researched and developed independently of each other, e.g. the developments in Operating Systems designs and User Applications were all happening independent from advances in processor construction. Discuss Unicode standards. The Unicode standard is a universal means of character encoding, developed by the Unicode Consortium, that is used to represent every character in every language (Wikipedia). The Unicode character set 16 bits per character, enabling it to represent over 65,000 characters (Dale Lewis, 2006); a lot more than the ASCII sets 256 characters, which were incorporated as a subset of the Unicode character set. Each character is represented by a hexadecimal code, and the characters are classified under their source, e.g. ASCII/Latin, Thai, Greek, Chinese, etc. The versatility of the standard has made it widely popular, and is used in many programming languages and computer systems. Not all of the available codes in the standard have been assigned to characters, and although more than 30 writing systems are currently included, more are constantly being added. The standard was first published in 1991, and has also been in constant revision since then; version 5.1 is expected during March 2008. Who first thought about the idea of using the binary number system to be able to create electronic devices that can present numbers and do calculations? The binary number system as we know and use in computing today, was first used in the early 20th century on early non-mechanical computers. The word bit, short for binary digit was coined by John Wilder Tukey, an American statistician and early computer scientist, who was working on an early computer project with John von Neumann in 1946(tefan Porubsk 2007). However, George Stibitz of the Bell Telephone Laboratories (Bell Labs), New York City, had build a demonstration 1-bit binary adder using relays in 1937. Although it was just a demonstration machine, it was still the first binary computer (Stephen White 1996). Write the decimal number 127 as a Hexadecimal, an Octal and as a Binary number. According to the Free Dictionary, the Hexadecimal Number System is a positional system of numeration that uses hexadecimal digits and a radix of sixteen. To convert the decimal 127 to hexadecimal, we shall employ the recursion method. Division Quotient Remainder Hex Number 127/16 7 15 F 7/16 0 7 7F So the hexadecimal equivalent is 7F The Octal Number System is a positional system of numeration that uses octal digits and a radix of eight. To convert the decimal 127 to octal, we shall employ the recursion method. Division Quotient Remainder Octal Number 127/8 15 7 7 15/8 1 7 77 1/8 0 1 177 So the octal equivalent is 177 The Binary Number System is defined as a positional system of numeration that uses binary digits and a radix of two To convert the decimal 127 to binary, we shall employ the recursion method. Division Quotient Remainder Binary Number 127/2 63 1 1 63/2 31 1 11 31/2 15 1 111 15/2 7 1 1111 7/2 3 1 11111 3/2 1 1 111111 1/2 0 1 1111111 So the binary equivalent is 1111111 What is the minimum number of bits is needed to represent marital status? Given that marital status can be one of the following options: married, divorced, widowed or never married. Explain your answer. In the inherent nature of the binary system, each bit can only have two states, such as zero or one, one or off, etc. Each bit can, therefore, only represent two things, i.e. with one being the one-state, and the other, the zero-state. In order to represent a more varied field, more bits would be required. In this case the marital status field contains has four possible states, namely married, divorced, widowed and never married. In general 2n bits represent n states (Dale), so in this case, 2n = 4 = 22. So 2 bits would be required to represent the marital status, and this would use one of the combinations of 00, 01, 10 or 11 to correspond to one of the possible states. Given a fixed-size number scheme where k in the formula for the tens compliment is 6 (see page 61), answer the following questions: a) How many positive integers can be represented? In the formula for tens complement, Negative (I) = 10k-I, k is the number of digits. For k=6, then the largest integer possible is 999,999. In a fixed size number system, half of the numbers represent negative integers, and in this case the positive integers would range from 1 to 499,999. Therefore, 499,999 positive integers can be represented. b) How many negative integers can be represented? The negative integers are represented by integers 500,000 till 999,999. Thus giving (999,999-500,000)+1=500,000 negative integers represented. c) Draw the number line showing the three smallest and largest positive numbers, the three smallest and largest negative numbers and zero. Show the behaviour of the following circuit with a truth table Inputs Gate 1 Gate 2 Gate 3 Gate 4 Gate 5 A B C (AB) (BC) C (AB+C) (AB+C)+(BC) Output 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Draw a circuit corresponding to the following Boolean expression: AB + (B + C) a) Calculate the capacity of a hard disk with 3736 Cylinders, 128 Heads and 63 Sectors with 512 bytes per sector. Give the answer in gigabytes (GB) and in gibibytes (GiB). We shall use the equation: Disk Size in Bytes = No. of Cylinders * No. of Heads * No. of Sectors * Bytes per sector = 3736 * 128 * 63 * 512 = 15696221184 Bytes According to the decimal definition of Gigabyte, 1 Gigabyte= 109 Bytes Therefore, the disk size in Gigabytes is = 15696221184/109 = 15.696 GB Since, 1 Gibibyte= 230 Bytes = 1,073,741,824 Bytes Then the disk size in Gibibytes is, = 15696221184/ 230 = 14.618 GiB b) Why do you think that the practical use of binary prefixes remain mostly ignored by marketing literature. According to James Wiebe, hard drive manufacturers have historically used decimal computations to determine disk size (Wiebe 2003). This gave them numbers to describe capacity which were direct and easily understandable by their clients. Marketing literature have a much greater impact and sales appeal to an audience when advertising a disk as having a capacity of 120GB, as opposed to 115.039GB. A less complicated number is also more comfortable for the general public to deal with, than mathematical jargon. c) The following image is how windows reports the disk usage of a hard disk with a capacity reported to be 50GB by its manufacturer. Explain why it does not seem to add up. The discrepancy in the sizes of the disk reported by the manufacturer, and the Windows operating system is due to the dissimilar computations used to obtain the decimal representation of the disk capacity. Disk manufacturers use decimal or Base10 arithmetic to perform the computation, while Operating system vendors use binary, or Base2 arithmetic. The decimal GB is (1000x1000x1000) Bytes, while the binary GB is (1024x1024x1024) Bytes (Wiebe 2003). Therefore the binary size of this disk is: 52,428,795,904/(10243) =48.8281 =48.8 GB a) Write a pseudo code algorithm to get three positive integers from a user and print them in numerical order. Print Please enter three positive integers separately Set List 1 to 0 Set List 2 to 0 Set List 3 to 0 Read num1 Read num2 Read num3 If (num1num2) (num1num2) Set Li to num1 If (num2num3) Set List2 to num2 Set List3 to num3 else Set List2 to num3 Set List3 to num2 ElseIf (num2num1) (num2num3) Set Li to num2 If (num1num3) Set List2 to num1 Set List3 to num3 else Set List2 to num3 Set List3 to num1 Else Set Li to num3 If (num1num2) Set List2 to num1 Set List3 to num2 else Set List2 to num2 Set List3 to num1 Print The numerical order of the numbers is: Print Li+ +List2+ +List3 b) Enclose the algorithm within a loop that repeat until the user enters the first value of the trio as negative. When the user enters a negative value for the first value the program must not require the second and third values to be entered. Print This program will sort 3 positive integers. To end, please enter a negative value for the first entry Print Please enter three positive integers separately Set num1 to zero While (num1=0) Set List 1 to 0 Set List 2 to 0 Set List 3 to 0 Read num1 If (num10) break Read num2 Read num3 If (num1num2) (num1num2) Set Li to num1 If (num2num3) Set List2 to num2 Set List3 to num3 else Set List2 to num3 Set List3 to num2 ElseIf (num2num1) (num2num3) Set Li to num2 If (num1num3) Set List2 to num1 Set List3 to num3 else Set List2 to num3 Set List3 to num1 Else Set Li to num3 If (num1num2) Set List2 to num1 Set List3 to num2 else Set List2 to num2 Set List3 to num1 Print The numerical order of the numbers is: Print Li+ +List2+ +List3 Print Thank you for using the program c) List the identifiers in the algorithm in b) and tell whether they named data or actions. The algorithm uses the following variables: num1:data, integer num2:data, integer num3:data, integer List 1:data, integer List2:data, integer List3:data, integer Print:action output data to display Set:action store value into the variable If ElseIf Elseaction perform the indented statements depending on the whether the condition is true or false. While:action repeat the indented statements if the condition is true d) Verify the algorithm in b) using a walk-through. num1 num2 num3 Li List2 List3 At the beginning 0 ? ? 0 0 0 After first entry 4 ? ? 0 0 0 After second entry 4 7 ? 0 0 0 After third entry 4 7 5 0 0 0 After If statement 4 7 5 4 5 7 On second iteration -1 0 0 0 a) Use Pep/7 assembly language instructions to write a program to add the decimal values 7 and 19 and store the result in memory location 7D (Location is given in hexadecimal). BR Main num1:.WORD d#7 num2:.WORD d#19 Main:LOADA h#0000,i ADDA num1,d ADDA num2,d STOREA h#007D,d DECO h#007D,d STOP .END b) Write the above program in Pep/7 machine language using hexadecimal notation. 70 00 07 00 07 00 13 08 00 00 19 00 03 19 00 05 11 00 7D F1 00 7D 00 zz Distinguish between the four programming paradigms mentioned in Chapter 8 and discuss the benefits of using each of them as purported in the literature. Also give an example of a programming language that supports each of the paradigms and the URL of a vendor for each language. In their discussion of programming paradigms, Dale and Lewis (2006) introduce four programming paradigms namely: imperative, functional, logic programming, and object-oriented paradigms. As the name implies, the imperative programming paradigm is characterized by sequential instructions executed in an order governed by control structures to solve a task. The languages in this class allow the programmer to express algorithms as a hierarchy of tasks, and they tend to use a syntax that is similar to descriptions of everyday routines. One such language in this category is C++, which is available from Borland/CodeGear. Information on their product and tutorials and downloads can be obtained from https://www.codegear.com/products/cppbuilder. The functional programming paradigm is based on the mathematical theory of functions. Computations are crafted and expressed as function calls, with no need for variables or value assignments, making it quite simple. One of the popular languages in this paradigm is Lisp, which is available from Franz Inc. and more information on the product can be accessed their website at https://www.franz.com/. The third kind discussed by Dale and Lewis is the Logic programming paradigm, which is based, as the name suggests, on the principles of symbolic logic. It utilizes axioms, inference rules, and queries and program execution is by systematic search in a set of facts declared by one type, and another type making use of a set of inference rules. It is widely utilized in artificial intelligence, and PROLOG is a popular logic programming paradigm language. EZY Prolog is a PROLOG compiler which is available from EZY-Software at: https://www.ezy-software.com/ezyprolog/Prolog_Inference_Engine/ezy_prolog_overview.htm. In the object-oriented programming paradigm the data and operations are encapsulated in objects, which interact with each other. Programmers are able to express their algorithms using a hierarchy of objects. Smalltalk is a popular object-oriented programming language available from Cincom in their VisualWorks product, whose website is https://www.cincomsmalltalk.com/userblogs/cincom/blogView. What exchange will be made next? The Selection Sort algorithm works by progressively working through the array from the first or last index, and exchanging the positions of the current element and the next matching element in the unsorted section of the array. The sorting procedure may be by numerical or alphabetical precedence in ascending or descending order. In the given example, the sorting algorithm is performing a numerical sorting procedure in descending order from right to left. The next position to be processed is that occupied by element 10, and it shall be exchanged with element 14, which is the highest numerical element in the unsorted subsection. Compare Bubble Sort and Quicksort by giving an example of a scenario where each of these algorithms would outperform the other. Bubblesort and Quicksort are simple sorting algorithms that are classified under exchange sorts, as they sort data by systematically exchanging the positions held by individual items in an array (Knuth 1997). Bubble sort works by progressively working from one end of the array, comparing the two adjacent items, switching them if so determined by the sort criteria, and then shifting the focus one step forward in the array to repeat the procedure on the next item in the array with the one from the prior sort. The operation continues until the end of the array has been reached, at which point the highest or lowest value shall have bubbled to the end of the array. The rest of the items in the array may have altered their positions in the array, but may not be in their sorted positions. Therefore, the procedure may have to be repeated a number of times, in order to get the second, third, and all other items into their correctly sorted positions. Due to its operation, the bubble sort is an inherently slow procedure, and a common method used to improve the performance, is to reverse the direction and invert the sort criteria when at the end of the array. Quicksort, on the other hand, works by progressively breaking down the data for sorting, first into two lists of greater-than and less-than around an element in array called a pivot, recursively sorting the sub lists, and then combing the two sorted sub lists to give the final sorted array. The Quicksort algorithm can be further enhanced when sorting really large lists of data, by recursively breaking down the sub lists into smaller ones using pivot elements in the sub lists. This would be handy when, for example, sorting names of participants attending a conference. The first pivot could be surnames starting with M, giving sub lists of A-L and M-Z. The A-L sub list could then itself be pivoted using F, and so on until a level is reached at which point simple sorting can be done. After which, the sub lists would be recombined to give the sorted list of data. Sorting such a large list of data using the Bubble sort would be extremely slow and impractical. However, the Bubble sort algorithm can be used as a simple confirmation algorithm to verify if the data list has been correctly sorted. If we setup the Bubble sort algorithm to keep count of any exchanges it performs, and we obtain a result of nil, then the list has been arranged correctly. Use examples to show when each of the three partition selection approaches mentioned in chapter 10 is optimal. Partition selection describes the decision process by which memory locations for new programs in variable length. Partitions are allocated. There are three general methods used in the allocation (Dale Lewis, 2006) namely: first fit, best fit and worst fit. The First fit method simply places the program into the first partition big enough to hold it. For example, in a system that uses fixed partition sizes determined at boot time, the system may divide the memory into partitions of size X, Y and Z, where Y is greater than X and Z is greater than Y. When a new program is started, and is determined to require a memory size larger than X but less than Y, then it is loaded into the first Y or Z size partition that is available. If a Z size partition is available ahead of any Y size partition, then it shall be allocated that partition. Best fit criteria works by allocating the program the smallest partition that it can fit in. In the above example, if the program is determined to require a size larger than X, but less than Z, then it shall be allocated an available Y size partition. The worst fit method allocates the program the largest partition that is big enough to hold it. In the above example, a Z size partition would be allocated. This method is impractical to use in fixed partition sizes, as it would be wasteful. In dynamic partitions, though, where partition sizes are constantly getting resized to fit programs, this allocation method leaves the largest partitions intact to accommodate other programs later on. The term virtual machine is used in three different contexts (Page 235, 328 and 343). Discuss the relation between the different definitions of a virtual machine. According to Dale and Lewis (2006), a virtual machine can be defined in three different contexts as: A hypothetical computer entity operating on a computer and running programs by interpreting Byte code. An implementation on a computer system where a user utilizes the computer resources as they would on their own computer, although in effect the resources are shared with other users in a similar environment on the same computer system. The illusion created by a timesharing system that each user has a dedicated machine. The first definition refers to an interaction between processes running on computer, for example The Java Virtual machine is a computer process running on a computer that provides a separate computer environment for the execution of Java bytecode. The second and third definitions are interconnected and are in the domain of computer system and its timesharing user environment. One is the virtual machine from the perspective of the user, who is primarily concerned with their own virtual computing environment created through the sharing of resources, e.g. a Linux terminal window. The other is as seen by the computer system itself, which is running a managerial process overseeing the administration of the timeshared resources for all the users on the system, e.g. IBMs VM/370 operating system (Creasy, 1981). Bibliography Bubble sort From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Online] Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_sort Creasy R.J 1981. The Origin of the VM/370 Time-sharing System IBM Journal of Research and Development Volume 25 No. 5 Dale N. Lewis J. 2006. Computer Science Illuminated, Third Edition Sadbury, Massachusetts: Jones Bartlett Publishers Denning, P.J et al 1989 Computing as a DisciplineComputer Volume 22, Issue 2 Pages: 63 70 Donald Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3: Sorting and Searching, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley, 1997. ISBN 0-201-89685-0. Section 5.3.1: Minimum-Comparison Sorting, pp.180-197. James Wiebe 2003 When One Billion does not equal One Billion, or: Why your computers disk drive capacity doesnt appear to match the stated capacity White-paper on the controversy over drive capacities Quicksort From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort Shackelford R. et al 2006 Computing Curricula 2005: The Overview Report ACM SIGCSE Bulletin Volume 38, Issue 1 Schwartzman, S. (1994). The Words of Mathematics: an etymological dictionary of mathematical terms used in English. ISBN 0-88385-511-9. tefan Porubsk: Bit. Interactive Information Portal for Algorithmic Mathematics, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic [Online] Available at: https://www.cs.cas.cz/portal/AlgoMath/ComputerScience/DataStructures/Bit.htm [Accessed on 24 February 2008] Unicode From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode