Commercial Cycles and Global Indication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Commercial Cycles and Global Indication. Answer: Presentation: It happens when laborers lose their work because of the downturns that exist in the business cycle. The GDP is utilized to tell when business contracts. Given that the economy contracts for in any event two quarters, at that point it is supposed to be in a downturn. At the point when the economy returns to the period of extension in the business cycle the board, the individuals who are not utilized or were laid off will reappear the activity advertise. Recurrent work is transitory since it relies upon the constriction length. A downturn is regular in the event that it goes on for year and a half. A downturn on the opposite side can keep going for even ten years (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 71). Frictional joblessness It happens when laborers relinquish their work to scan for improved ones.in most events, this sort of joblessness occurs on a willful premise, however in different cases, it very well may be because of the end of a vocation with a given reason. The term rubbing is utilized to show the time, exertion and the use that is utilized by a laborer to secure some new position positions (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 81). As a rule, erosion isn't avoidable since specialist need to search for new chances, go to interviews and need to move even before setting up new position openings. Be that as it may, frictional joblessness is much of the time a transient type of joblessness. This sort of joblessness alludes to the confuse that exists between the occupations that are accessible contrasted with the skills.it isn't brought about by the powers of business cycle the board like the repeating joblessness yet by different powers. It occurs in the cases whereby the movements in the economy makes it hard for some given gatherings of individuals to secure positions. This sort of joblessness can keep the pace of joblessness high considerably after the downturn is gone (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 112). This alludes to a working agreement whereby a laborer is utilized for a given period in a year, and when the agreement lapses, at that point the specialist stays jobless. Models, where request, creation, and business are occasional, incorporate the travel industry and recreation and retailing (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 121). The interest bend is descending: The main explanation behind the descending inclining bend is with impact with the Pigous riches impact. From the essential information, we realize that the ostensible incentive for cash is fixed. Be that as it may, the genuine worth is predominantly relied upon the degree of costs. This in light of the fact that a lower cost level makes the buying capacity to increment in every money. At the point when the cost level goes down, at that point the shoppers will in general become wealthier and subsequently the customer spending increments. Thus a drop in the cost level causes the clients to spend all the more subsequently expanding the total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 140). The subsequent thinking is concerning Keynes paces of premium that the amount estimation of cash that is required is dependent upon the degree of costs. Elevated level of costs implies that it will take the customer a great deal of cash to buy the enormous amounts. This implies the purchasers could purchase more supplies if the costs were low. This makes the clients keep noteworthy measures of cash at the bank. The gigantic amounts in the bank make the bank to build the advances and in this manner to diminish the financing costs. A drop in cost hence causes a decrease in the loan fee and afterward causes an expansion in the speculation lastly raise the degree of total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 154). Increment in the paces of premium diminishes the customer spending and furthermore the venture lastly prompting the total fall sought after for the Australian dollar. At the point when the total interest goes down, at that point the gracefully additionally will in general go down. Lower total interest will cause: A negative financial development normally known as the downturn Higher paces of joblessness Decrease in the use on imports and expanded rivalry fair and square of fares. The graph beneath shows the impacts of loan costs on total interest (Layard et al, 2013 pg. 167). Independence in the fiscal strategy Under class, states can execute the independent monetary approaches so they can address issues of expansion and furthermore yield. Since the financial approaches influence the paces of expansion, governments reserve the privilege to determine on their since a long time ago run pace of swelling which don't need to obtain expansion rates from different nations, a case that is seen under the fixed conversion scale (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 188). The requirement for the support of both the inside and outside parity in a metallic standard depends on a contention that the last causes fixed pace of conversion scale. Given that the costs of cash are fixed and that any districts creation and different factors in the economy are modified, the conversion scale can't along these lines change. The last prompts grinding in the financial framework in general (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 165). This is the essential shortcoming. The changes in the trade rates are progressively obvious contrasted with the suggestion set somewhere near the essentials (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 185). Expanded use for the instance of fiscal arrangement The hindrance of the capacity to utilize lead the supposed free monetary approaches the board is the ability of making higher paces of swelling. The expansionary or contractionary monetary systems can give a talk to the recessionary or the inflationary loads (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 190). The steadiness in costs demonstrates that there are insignificant changes in costs and they are normal. The consider that most cases influences the security of costs is the monetary approach. The short run changes in any nation can be reduced by the metallic gauges and are likewise called business cycle. The thinking behind the reduction in the essentialness in the items might be lying in the solidness of costs. The national banks are required to have coming up, enough measure of stores under the metallic standard for them to keep up their equality in gold and furthermore be in control of additional gold to intercede for the trade rates (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 145). Makers of the metal that is in the metallic guidelines impact the macroeconomic conditions in the nations that have the metallic norm (Baxter Stockman, 2012 pg. 165). Work refered to Baxter, M. furthermore, Stockman, 2012. Business cycles and the conversion scale rgime: some worldwide Indication.Periodical of budgetary Economics,15(5), p 456-497. Layard, P, Layard, Nickell and Jackman, 2013. Joblessness: full scale financial establishment implied and the work advertise. Oxford University Press on Demand.

Alternative Theories Rate of Interest †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Alternative Theories Rate of Interest. Answer: Presentation The announcement the loan fee is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute have pulled in conversation throughout the years. Different financial analyst have given their suppositions on the issue of reserve funds, speculation and the pace of intrigue. Classicists communicated their sentiment on the announcement and reached resolution that the pace of premium is the fundamental prize which is given to individuals for acceptinginvestments, for example, security and protections rather than liquidity. Various suppositions have additionally been communicated by other financial specialist with respect to the equivalent. The substance of this paper fundamentally outlines different issues in regards to the announcement The financing cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute and finishes up on the equivalent dependent on different monetary hypotheses. The above articulation is genuine dependent on Keynes hypothesis which expresses that different components the executives, for example, restraint and timespan have no impact on the capacity of a person to leave behind liquidity just as installment of intrigue. As indicated by Keynes hypothesis, intrigue isn't remuneration for the forbearance an individual saver has experienced or the time he has taken without the liquidity. Be that as it may, as referenced above loan fee is the prize an individual gets as an award for contributing their investment funds for a given timeframe (Ahiakpor, 2015). Pace of premium along these lines goes about as a proportion of the level which makes an individual saver to leave behind the fluid money to make guarantees or acknowledge non-fluid cases rather than money. In view of this hypothesis, the loan fee is along these lines an equilibrating cost coordinating the longing to spare with the craving to put as a great many people in the present world will in general contribute or acknowledge non-fluid cases dependent on the pace of intrigue consequently the parity. The condition of harmony among reserve funds and venture comes because of pace of intrigue. This is all around clarified by traditional hypothesis, which expresses that economy is at balance just when the reserve funds rate is equivalent to the pace of venture figured it out. With such stable monetary thinking t reserve funds is equivalents to ventures at harmony and this comes because of pace of intrigue despite the fact that this hypothesis isn't unreasonably clear (Friedman, 2010). The hypothesis by classicalist clarify that, when the longing to spare lessening, the pace of premium will consequently increment to fuel reserve funds and a reduced want to contribute. Be that as it may, this programmed amendment of the disequilibrium among reserve funds and venture just happens in a full business circumstance. In view of the classicists belief system the equity between the reserve funds and speculations happens because of a programmed progression of equivalent measure of venture throu gh changes in the pace important to give full work level salary. This balance among reserve funds and ventures is unmistakably achieved by pace of intrigue when the economy is on movements and other variable are steady. At the point when factors are at the ordinary working relationship to one another, the pace of reserve funds is in this way equivalent the pace of speculation and are not generally equivalent as well as at harmony. At such point where reserve funds approaches the pace of venture, the impact of pace of intrigue is pivotal and can be seen (Ahiakpor, 2015). This is on the grounds that, when interest in such economy climbs to surpass investment funds, the parity of the two factors is then brought about by pace of premium. Financing cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute where by when speculations surpass reserve funds a state of awkwardness between them is made and the pace of premium ascents to address the irregularity through demoralizing venture consequently expanding investmen t funds (Westphal,2013). Also, when reserve funds are higher above ventures, the pace of premium descends empowering speculation the executives while diminishing investment funds (Wong, 2016). In light of this traditional assessment, changes in the pace of premium outcomes into remedy of disequilibrium among reserve funds and venture (Friedman, 2010). As per the above contention in this manner affirms the explanation that the financing cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute. This announcement can also be represented in a financial model known as the IS bend which delineates that, at each pace of premium, savers as a rule would need to contribute more prompting an expanded interest higher than the normal speculation level, this interest results into moving outwards of the IS bend prompting an expanded pay and investment funds. The loan fee consequently takes control to adjust disequilibrium among venture and reserve funds in since different factors, for example, cash gracefully and pay can't take care of the issue. As demonstrated above, when different factors stay consistent, for example, cash flexibly, loan fee ascends to reestablish the balance among reserve funds and speculation. This ascent in the pace of premium prompts a counterbalance in venture request while builds reserve funds as represented through the rightward move of the IS bend above (Hicks, 2007). The announcement is likewise evident when the degree of salary stays steady, an expansion in the interest for liquidity results into shifts in a LM model which additionally clarifies the connection between paces of premium, reserve funds just as speculation where financing cost is important for the equilibration of venture and investment funds as showed in the two charts underneath. The move in the above outline shows the ascent in the loan fee so as to reestablish the lopsidedness in the harmony between the craving to spare and the longing to contribute (Hicks, 2007). With the expansion in the pace of premium the craving to contribute falls prompting expanded investment funds as showed underneath. In opposition to the above conclusion as showed by different market analysts, the announcement loan cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the craving to spare with the longing to contribute can't be advocated as a reality. This is on the grounds that the hypothesis bars different components which are vital and typically results into the harmony between the craving to spare and the longing to contribute separated from the pace of intrigue (Hicks, 2007). As per different financial specialist with different assessments, the adjustment in pace of premium can't be the main factor which results into a harmony between the craving to contribute and the longing to spare. Changes in the paces of premium alone as per different market analysts can't bring the harmony among reserve funds and venture as the longing to contribute and the craving to spare additionally rely upon other negligible factors, for example, capital just as different elements. A section from capital the harmony can among speculation and sparing comes as aftereffect of changes in pay of an individual saver instead of because of changes in the pace of intrigue. As per the Keynes hypothesis, it obvious that harmony between the longing to spare and want to contribute can be reached significantly lower than full business known as underemployment balance (Dooley, Frankel Mathieson, 2007). Keynes further clarified that insofar as the states of both speculation calendar and sparing timetable just as liquidity plan are centered further then harmony is made between reserve funds wants just as venture wants (Skidelsky, 2010). The assessment of Keynes similarly as the traditional hypothesis comparable to the announcement is very clear, it is valid as he asserts that venture won't easily stream so as to coordinate reserve funds with the adjustments in pace of intrigue. Howsoever, different figures, for example, adaptability compensation, costs just as cost must be cons idered to guarantee the balance. The announcement as per Keynes endures different misfortunes; when there is a miseries, venture request plan doesn't react to changes in the loan cost along these lines can't result into condition of balance between the longing to contribute and the craving to spare. Despite the fact that venture request timetable might be inelastic little changes happen in the pace of premium, in any case, such changes can't result into an important change on speculation (Skidelsky, 2010). In addition, reserve funds concerning the suppositions by Keynes are correspondingly inelastic to little changes in the pace of intrigue in this way despite the fact that there are impressive changes in the pace of enthusiasm there will be no huge change in the savers psyche to make more investment funds. Further, larger part of individuals want to have money the same number of dread to contribute dependent on benefit and misfortune hypothesis, so even with high paces of premium lion's share will in general hang on the fluid money coming about into a couple of putting along these lines no significant change in speculation. A circumstance known as prevalently called liquidity work (Wray, 2010). From these three supposition one can in this manner conclude a thought that, the pace of venture by different private business people is inferred with the hypothesis on benefits. This further show loan cost isn't the main factor which may result into a match between the craving to contribute and the longing to spare as secretly determined economy benefit intention is the main drive to venture. In the wake of expressing different difficulties to the explanation that loan cost is an equilibrating cost coordinating the longing to spare with the craving to contribute, the hypothesis created by Keynes concurs that there is equity and match in the savers want to contribute and the longing however neglects to help that this uniformity is brought about by pace of intrigue (Garegnani, 2008). As per his hypothesis he brings into thought that the fairness which exists among reserve funds and speculation comes because of the degree of pay as such correspondence exists in all degrees of business not just in a full work (Wray, 2012). He at that point recommends that the condition of harmony between the longing to spare and the craving to contribute comes because of changes in the savers pay (C

Using Research Paper Examples To Teach Your Essay

Using Research Paper Examples To Teach Your EssayThe paper is a very important document, but only a research paper example will give you a head start on your essay. Why? The research paper example is a good learning aid that will help you find the areas where you are stuck and where you need to concentrate your writing. It can also be used to help you organize your paper if you use it as a tool.So what can research paper examples do for you? Well, they have a two fold effect on your essay. On the one hand, they make you write better and easier; on the other hand, they help you organize your paper and keep it more orderly. This is important because when writing essays it's sometimes hard to remember the order of the sections, but a research paper example can help you to keep it straight.As an example, think about a research paper example. When you look at a research paper example you'll see that it has a structure to it, but this structure is not rigid. What this means is that you can easily rearrange things or add new sections to your essay without the research paper example having to tell you how to do it.You can use research paper examples to help you organize your essay by grouping your sections into main groups, subgroups and chapter breaks. This way you can arrange them in any way you want without worrying about how your essay will read when you're done.In addition, you can use research paper examples to help you express yourself in writing, and as a tool to help you organize and revise. By putting ideas in an organized manner, you can easily recall them later when you've written your essay.The main reason that people use research paper examples is because they are helpful in learning how to write an essay. The second reason is that they can help you with your organization. They are used to help you organize your thoughts so that you don't have to do the work.If you have a clear plan of how you want your essay to flow and turn out then the research paper e xample can really help you. Many essay writing teachers use research paper examples as they make it easier for their students to organize their essays.To summarize, research paper examples can be used as a teaching aid and a tool to organize your essay. With both of these uses they make it easier for you to write and edit. Keep in mind that they do have a dual effect on your essay; a paper structure helps you organize your thoughts and in turn it allows you to use research paper examples as tools to express yourself and organize your thoughts.

Death of a Salesman and American Beauty - 1220 Words

Death of a Salesman is a play by Arthur Miller that follows the dying days of Willy Loman. Willy is a salesman who is not very at selling whatever he is selling so he takes the easy way out and goes to his neighbor, Charley, who has worked very hard for his money. Willy thinks that Charley and his son Bernard are nerdy and that they are not successful. Success to Willy is all about looks, which is why his son Biff grew up with the idea that as long as you are well liked than you will be successful. Willy faces the conscious battle between what he wants his sons to see and what he wants to keep personal. He wants to set the example of success to his sons by having a death of a salesman where tons of people attend his funeral and everyone†¦show more content†¦Willy is the same way with taking shortcuts for success. Willy would have â€Å"to go to Charley and borrow fifty dollars a week and pretend to [Linda] that it’s his pay† (Miller). Willy is just as lazy as L ester when it comes to the working ethic. Willy knows that he needs to make money for his family so he takes the easy way out to make it seem like he is successful. Both characters believe that â€Å"in order to be successful one must project an image of success at all times† (Mendes). Lester and Willy both think that the way one looks on the outside will bring them success. Lester tries to improve his body for Angela by working out. Willy tells Biff indirectly not to study because if he have â€Å"scholarships to three universities they’re gonna fluck him† (Miller). Willy shows that he thinks that looks get you success and not hard work. Lester and Willy only wanted to have happiness and success and what they got was death. The two men, Lester and Willy, are not the characters that should be matched up even though they both try very hard to get their dreams there is more similarities between Willy and Carolyn than Willy and Lester. Willy and Carolyn are both characters who make their money by selling items. Carolyn sells houses and Willy sells something. Carolyn thinks that her relationship with her family is perfect just like how she runs the house. She fails to see that what they truly need is someone to look upShow MoreRelatedIn Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great basic problem, which is the appearance as a way of life and expression to the outside. Following this, they will all problems relating to the relationships between the characters, and the lack of communication in the families. It could also be seen in both works th at the characters go through great efforts pretending to be happy with themselves. Willy Loman which may sound Low Man- man, writersRead MoreIntertwined Works Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and American Beauty by Sam Mendez846 Words   |  4 PagesWritten in 1949 the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller takes the reader to the post war era in America. Here, Miller tells the story of the Lomans. Willy Loman is a sixty-year old traveling salesman. He has worked for thirty-five years to get his salary cut and put on commission, but he chooses to keep his low wage job, even though his neighbor Charley offered him a salary job. Willy suffers from self-inflicted hallucinations about his eldest son Biff Loman and his elder brother Ben, whichRead MoreLife of Pi1276 Words   |  6 Pagesclose reference to Death of a Salesman and American Beauty. Ideas and qualities of acceptable standards that is considered worthwhile in society, pressures the relationship between an individual and his or her society due to the risk of social rejection. By accepting these social norms the individual is forced into the pursuit of the American Dream of that context whilst the rejection of the American Dream also leads to social rejection. Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman looks at the notionRead More A Comparison of the Dream in Death of a Salesman, Ellis Island, and America and I1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dream in Death of a Salesman, Ellis Island, and America and I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American dream is as varied as the people who populate America. The play The Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the poem Ellis Island by Joseph Bruchac, and the poem America and I by Anzia Yezierska illustrate different perspectives of the American dream. All three authors show some lines of thought on what the freedom inherent in the American dream means. The authors clarify distinct ideas on the meansRead MoreDeath of a Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller836 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Since the beginning of time, man has endeavored to become something more, to grow as a society. This has been accomplished through many extremes from war and conquest to science and exploration. The struggle endured during these events has indeed been great, but there is no greater struggle, nor one that reaps more reward, than that which the individual goes through to discover himself. Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"ThereRead MoreWilly Lowman’s Tragic Misinterpretation of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman1176 Words   |  5 PagesPresident of the United States, twice. This is just one more example that the American Dream is without a doubt achievable. Its pursuit is not easy; it requires undeniable hard work, modesty and optimism. Armed with these characteristics, seekers of this lifestyle will undeniably succeed. Success, though, is an interesting concept, for it can entail many superficial qualities. Willy Loman, the tragic hero of the play Death of a Salesman, sees only the superficial qualities of this dream. He views successRead MoreModernism Versus Postmodernism918 Words   |  4 PagesPostmodernism Post-modernism follows and shares many of the same ideas as modernism. Though, at the same time, they differ in many ways. These distinctions can be seen in the two works of literature, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller and â€Å"Glengarry Glen Ross† by David Mamet. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† represents the modernist literature. Modernism is a style of literature that came about after World War I in Europe. It emerged in the United States in the late 1920s. Modernism was the responseRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By F. Scott Fitzgerald1515 Words   |  7 Pageshuman being looking only at the past or present—instead of looking forward to the future. John Fitzgerald Kennedy once said, â€Å"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.† In the play Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller, the protagonist Willy Loman is depicted as a man who has failed in life; he spent most of his life reminiscing the past. This affected his life greatly, especially his relationship with his son, Biff Loman. Nevertheless, inRead MoreDeception of Family in Death of a Salesman and A Doll’s House1243 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Millers classic American play, Death of a Salesman and Henrik Ibsen’s classic play A Doll’s House, expose dysfunctional families and behaviors. In these plays, the themes of innocence, guilt and of truth and are considered through the eyes of deception. Both plays tell us that most of us choose to play roles and deceive, not only those immediately, but distantly around us. In Death of a Salesman the father passes deception to his boys the next generation. A Doll’s House ShowsRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1461 Words   |  6 PagesMice and Men is a novella portraying the failure of the American Dream. Steinbeck explores many different aspects of the life in the 1930 s throughout the novella e.g. racism. Of Mice and Men teaches the grim lesson about the nature of the human existence, showing the impossible and pragmatic truth of the American Dream. Miller also does this, as in Death of a Salesman , Miller, shows that there are different versions of the American Dream. Willy believes that one only can rise to the top

Online Consumer Behaviors And Social Networking - 1822 Words

ABSTRACT With businesses seeking to seize the momentum of social media and social networking, technology-enabled social commerce has emerged to combine the power of online social networking with shopping. This study examines an emerging area in E-commerce, i.e., social commerce. Extending the online consumer behavior typology, this study categorizes online consumer behaviors into three types: transactional, informational, and social. While traditional E-commerce supports the transactional and informational aspects of online shopping, social commerce fulfils the social aspects of shopping, and potentially enhances the informational aspect as well. This research examines the online shopper as a prospective user of an emerging social commerce platform, the social shopping website, which are sites designed specifically to support social interactions while online consumers shop. The study augments the Technology Acceptance Model with constructs that enhance the specificity of the model to the soci al shopping application of social commerce. The model was empirically tested and supported. The results provide empirical evidence to support the importance of distinguishing the social aspect of shopping from the information and transactional aspects, as well as the potential advantage to using technology to promote social interactions on E-commerce sites. Implications and future research are discussed. Keywords: E-commerce, internet, shopping, social networking Ecommerce and theShow MoreRelatedThe Mixed Benefits Of Social Media1511 Words   |  7 PagesMixed Benefits of Social Media When people want to look for love, they look at eharmony.com. If they want to see what others are doing, they take a look at Facebook. Individuals who want to live in a better neighborhood look for Realtor.com. 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However, if luxury brand performs a good show for online shopping adoption, especially in ChinaRead Moreâ€Å"Harnessing the Power of the Oh-So Social Web† Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The groundswell, which is the term now being used for online social technologies, such as blogs, social networking sites like MySpace, and user-generated sites like YouTube and numerous other online communities now common on the Web, is making a dramatic impact on the way many organizations are conducting their marketing strategies. These online social networking sites have enabled the power to shift from the companies to the customer, this shift in power is being termed customercentricRead MoreFacebook Adding Music Services Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pages without leaving the site. The main characters in this article include Facebook, Inc., a social network website that provides registered users with an open forum to create profiles, send messages, upload photos and videos, and stay in touch with family, friends, and classmates. Facebook is teaming up with online music sharing services such as Spotify AB and Rdio Inc. Facebook’s competition includes online companies such as Google Inc. and Amazon.com Inc. that are already using â€Å"cloud† music servicesRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Find A Muse 1071 Words   |  5 PagesBe-Mused Marketing Strategy   Be-Mused, a play on words implying both to â€Å"find a muse† as well as be â€Å"mystified† is an omni channel social networking system dedicated to connecting users on the basis of hobbies and interests. Be-Mused uses geo social data to connect users, in real time, for events, gatherings, or one-on-one meetings, all orchestrated by independent users. Additionally, users have the ability to passively seek out activities. From starting an impromptu drum circle on Venice Beach,Read MoreA World Transformed By Social Technologies1004 Words   |  5 PagesTransformed by Social Technologies is a how to guide for businesses that explains what social media is, how it is changing the way companies relate to consumers, and how it can be used to their advantage. The authors, Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff, both analysts for renowned Forrester Research, one of the most influential research and advisory firms in the world, spent a year researching, analyzing, and blogging about social technologies that are changing the way companies and consumers interact. Forrester’sRead MoreUsing Instagram : Motives For Its Use And Relationship1272 Words   |  6 Pages41. Sheldon, P., Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 89-97. Globally speaking, Instagram is currently the fastest growing social network site. However, the researchers observe little academic research studying who and why people use it. The researchers are interested in the motivations of using Instagram and its relationship towards contextual age and narcissism. The study uses a survey distributedRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Society1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Social Networking Intro Over half of the world uses the internet. 2.2 billion people actively use any kind of social networking. There were 176 million new users of social media just last year (Regan 1). With the influence of so many people a pressing question: Is the impact of social media harmful or beneficial in its effects? Social networking is one of the biggest reports of online traffic. So, if so many people are using these networking sites, what are the effects on us? The â€Å"first†Read MoreUsing Online Sources For Search Information1717 Words   |  7 Pagesa world of technology, consumers are now shifting their focus from the traditional way of living to the advanced way of living. Consumers are now using technology to where ever they want. They are using online sources for searching information. The advancement of new technologies allows them to use more new-way to search information and through the technological communication, channels allow them to provide their information as well. With the help of technology, consumers have become able to thinkRead MorePrivacy Issues on Facebook1149 Words   |  5 Pagesof the internet and social media, many companies have sought to make their presence felt online. Companies can now interact with their clients from anywhere in the world in real time. However, questions continue to be raised over how safe the personal information users volunteer to companies with an online presence is. How sure ca n users be that their identity wont be stolen? One of the issues that have been subject to debate over time has got to do with user privacy on social network platforms like

The Drawbacks of an Early School Day - 865 Words

On a normal school day, students in the states drag themselves out of bed and start getting ready for school. Most students almost miss the bus or miss the bus because they are still sleepy and not moving as fast as they should be. Should school start later in the morning and head into the late afternoon? The lack of sleep affects a student’s academic studies because it can lead to weight gain or even obesity, it makes them want to doze off in class, it reduces the student’s ability to think , and it also can create a depressed or anxious state of mind. Getting the amount of sleep needed each night is the way to keep a healthy weight. Unfortunately, research is increasingly showing that more and more students are not getting enough sleep, which can have a negative downfall on their grades (AASM News). In 1995, 35 percent of American grown ups got 8 hours of sleep a night and by 2005, it decreased by 26 percent (Sleep.(n.d.)). A British study that followed more than 8,00 0 kids from their day of birth, discovered that those who got sleep under 10 and a half hours within the night at age 3, had a 45 percent higher risk of gaining weight and becoming obese (Sleep.(n.d.)). Having sleep troubles from ages 3 can lead into adulthood. It can have a long-term effect on weight. People who tend to sleep less than normal may have an obesity- related condition that may have be guided to these sleep habits: sleep apnea, obstructive lung disease, depression and sometimes cancer. NotShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Technology In Education836 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots† -Albert Einstein. Today’s day and age has produced, and still produces, some of the most intelligent people who have created and thought of the machines and theories that have forever changed life itself. 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Gerrymandering Election and Politicians free essay sample

Gerrymandering The term gerrymandering refers to the practice of altering voting districts in order to achieve electoral results favorable to one person or party, usually the incumbent politician or party creating the new voting regions. 1 This term, dating back to 1812, is an established method for incumbent politicians to improve their heresthetical â€Å"defense,† by manipulating the dimensions of the political landscape. 2 This tactic is extremely common in the United States and a prime example of politicians acting as manipulators. This essay will argue that politicians are manipulators, as evidenced by the gerrymandering of voting districts to improve odds of maintaining power, and opposition attempts to counteract this electoral maneuvering. The term â€Å"Gerrymander† originated in Boston in 1812 while Elbridge Gerry was governor of Massachusetts. 3 In the previous year, Governor Gerry ratified a redistricting plan that greatly improved the odds of his Democratic-Republican Party in the state senate elections. Cartoonists in the Boston Gazette likened the shape of one of the contorted districts to a salamander, and writers in the Massachusetts Spy continued the metaphor by adding Gerry’s name, and accusing the governor of helping elect â€Å"Gerrymanders. We will write a custom essay sample on Gerrymandering: Election and Politicians or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †5 This term took hold, and was widely used by Federalists throughout the state to disparage the governor’s alteration of voting districts for political gain. Although the term â€Å"Gerrymandering† originated in New England in the early nineteenth century, the practice of manipulating electoral regions can be seen as early as 1788. Patrick Henry, of the Anti-Federalist party, strategically created the borders of the Fifth Congressional District to ensure that the noted Federalist James Madison would be unable to gain a congressional seat. 7 This original gerrymander, although unsuccessful in its attempt to prevent James Madison from becoming elected, set the stage for the method political incumbents would go on to employ for the next three centuries to hamper their opponents. 8 Gerrymandering tactics can be divided into two different methods of improving electoral results. Referred to as â€Å"packing† and â€Å"cracking,† these opposite approaches are used to either add more favorable voters to a district, or divide the votes of a particularly unfavorable neighborhood. 9 â€Å"Packing† is the process of maneuvering electoral borders to include enough neighborhoods and boroughs favorable to a politician that he may improve his chances of reelection. 10 â€Å"Cracking† prevents regions of voters adverse to a politician from preventing his reelection, by either placing these regions in another district, or splitting the votes between otherwise favorable districts. If these votes for the opposition, for example the Republican Party, are split into different largely Democratic districts, they may be counterbalanced by the overwhelmingly Democratic votes. Rather than have one district elect a Republican, these votes are negated by the Democratic votes in both districts, and two Democrats are elected. The combination of these two gerrymandering options allows incumbent politicians to significantly improve their reelection bids. In a New York Times article chronicling gerrymandering in New York State, the author decries: This process [Gerrymandering] has worked so well for so many politicians that the New York Public Interest Research Group reports that in 2008 more than half of the state’s 212 legislators were re-elected with more than 80 percent of their districts’ votes. In 57 districts, the incumbents ran unopposed. 12 The writer makes the point that post-2002 census redistricting resulted in extremely low rate of political turnover. More convincing than the fact that the majority of incumbents retained their seats by overwhelming margins is the shocking statistic that a quarter of the incumbents were uncontested. 13 These politicians were so successful at arranging favorable districts that it was futile to even attempt a challenge. The author continued to examine particularly egregious cases of gerrymandering in New York, including that of Senator Guy Vellela, who once selected voters for his district by individual city blocks. Senator Guy Vellela, as well as the other state senators of New York, are prime examples of politicians exploiting gerrymandering to manipulate the outcome of elections and improve their outcomes. Riker argues that these bold uses of gerrymandering are made possible, and even encouraged, by two landmark Supreme Court Cases. Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims were two similar cases from the 1960’s that addressed the unequal representation caused by the unwillingness of politicians to adjust the electoral districts to accurately reflect the major population changes of the twentieth century. Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims forced Congress and state legislative bodies to correct this inaccurate political representation by mandating equally sized voting districts. 16 In fact, Reynolds v. Sims went so far as to require a voting population difference of no more than ten percent between the largest and smallest electoral districts. 17 Furthermore, a judicial requirement that African-American voters be districted in manner that allowed for the election of African-American representatives was an open encouragement by the courts to gerrymander. Politicians manipulate these well-intentioned rulings, which sought to improve political representation, to aid their goal of holding on to their elected positions and maintaining a grip on power. A perfunctory examination of the practice of gerrymandering reveals that politicians are devious manipulators, who exploit Supreme Court rulings and the resulting equal representation rulings to ensure reelection. However, upon closer inspection, it could be argued that gerrymandering, with its negative association among voters who associate it with electoral cheating, is not a manipulative tactic because it can result in a voter backlash against the gerrymandering politician. 19 Riker states that gerrymandering can shift the heresthetical advantage to the â€Å"Outs,† who may capitalize on this voter resentment to steal the seat from the incumbent. 20 As a potentially damaging tactic, and one that can be explained by court ordered redistricting, one may attempt to paint gerrymandering as a tactic that is not solely manipulative. However, this does not explain the strange outlines, reminiscent of teapots and other nonconventional shapes, that are commonly created, which just happen to improve the political odds of the incumbent. 21 If gerrymandering were not a calculated manipulation of the political districts to favor the incumbent, the shape of districts and voting blocs would be more logical and commonsense, and would not result in especially favorable or unfavorable voting regions. In conclusion, politicians are manipulators, as evidenced by the practice of gerrymandering. This redistribution of voters to different districts, so that the election tallies will most benefit the incumbent, is a means by which both incumbents and their unelected opposition attempt to manipulate the system. Incumbents alter the dimensions of their constituency to improve their results of their reelection campaign. The opposition must play heresthetical offense and aggressively protest against â€Å"unfair† electoral processes, and turn the voters against the â€Å"cheating† incumbent. This practice, used to varying degrees of success for over two hundred years, is a perfect example of the manipulations politicians undertake to either maintain office or achieve it. The best summation of the manipulative nature of gerrymandering is the saying, â€Å"In gerrymandered election districts, the voters don’t choose their politicians-the politicians choose their voters! †22 Works Cited Amy, Douglas J,. Real Choices/New Voices: How Proportional Representation Could Revitalize American Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Online. â€Å"Gerrymandering, Pure and Simple. † Editorial. The New York Times. 11 November 2009. Riker, William H. The Art of Political Manipulation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. Print. Robins, Michael D. Gerrymander and the Need for Redistricting Reform. Version 7. FraudFactor. com, 5 December 2000. Online. 4 December 2011. Stroupe Jr. , Kenneth S. â€Å"Gerrymandering’s Long History in Virgina: Will This Decade Mark the End? † The Virginia News Letter. Volume 85 No. 1 (2009): 1-10. Online.